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Research Communication

Bioavailabilities of Quercetin-3-Glucoside and Quercetin-4'-Glucoside Do Not Differ in Humans^{1 ,2}

Margreet R. Olthof^*3, Peter C. H. Hollman, Tom B. Vree^** and Martijn B. Katan^*

^* Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT), 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands ^** Department of Anesthesiology, Nijmegen University Hospital, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

³To whom correspondence should be addressed.

The flavonoid quercetin is an antioxidant which occurs in foods mainly as glycosides. The sugar moiety in quercetin glycosides affects their bioavailability in humans. Quercetin-3-rutinoside is an important form of quercetin in foods, but its bioavailability in humans is only 20% of that of quercetin-4'-glucoside. Quercetin-3-rutinoside can be transformed into quercetin-3-glucoside by splitting off a rhamnose molecule. We studied whether this 3-glucoside has the same high bioavailability as the quercetin-4'-glucoside. To that end we fed five healthy men and four healthy women (19–57 y) a single dose of 325 µmol of pure quercetin-3-glucoside and a single dose of 331 µmol of pure quercetin-4'-glucoside and followed the plasma quercetin concentrations. The bioavailability was the same for both quercetin glucosides. The mean peak plasma concentration of quercetin was 5.0 ± 1.0 µmol/L (±SE) after subjects had ingested quercetin-3-glucoside and 4.5 ± 0.7 µmol/L after quercetin-4'-glucoside consumption. Peak concentration was reached 37 ± 12 min after ingestion of quercetin-3-glucoside and 27 ± 5 min after quercetin-4'-glucoside. Half-life of elimination of quercetin from blood was 18.5 ± 0.8 h after ingestion of quercetin-3-glucoside and 17.7 ± 0.9 h after quercetin-4'-glucoside. We conclude that quercetin glucosides are rapidly absorbed in humans, irrespective of the position of the glucose moiety. Conversion of quercetin glycosides into glucosides is a promising strategy to enhance bioavailability of quercetin from foods.

KEY WORDS: • quercetin glucosides • flavonols • bioavailability • metabolism • humans

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