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Article

The Rhamnogalacturonan-II Dimer Decreases Intestinal Absorption and Tissue Accumulation of Lead in Rats¹

Maha Tahiri^*, Patrice Pellerin, Jean Claude Tressol^*, Thierry Doco, Denise Pépin^**, Yves Rayssiguier^* and Charles Coudray^*2

^* Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne CRNH, Unité Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; Institut des Produits de la Vigne, Unité de Recherches Biopolymères et Arômes, INRA Montpellier, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France; and ^** Laboratoire d’Hydrologie, Institut Louise Blanquet, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France

²To whom correspondence should be addressed.

The rhamnogalacturonan-II dimer (dRG-II) forms strong complexes in vitro with lead (Pb) and other selected cations. We examined the in vivo bioavailability of Pb complexed with dRG-II and the effect of unleaded dRG-II on the intestinal absorption and tissue retention of Pb in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Each group consumed a purified control diet for 3 wk or the same diet supplemented with: i) 3 mg of Pb/kg, ii) 0.5 g of leaded dRG-II/kg, or iii) 0.5 g of leaded dRG-II/kg and 4.5 g of unleaded dRG-II/kg. The leaded dRG-II provided ~3 mg of Pb/kg of diet. A chemical balance study was conducted during the last 5 d of the 3-wk study, and blood and organs were sampled for Pb and mineral analyses. The apparent intestinal absorptions of Pb were 62.3, 15.2, 11.8 and -0.1%, and Pb balances were 1.9, 9.6, 5.6 and -0.2 µg/d for the control and the three experimental groups, respectively. The Pb complexed with dRG-II was less available than Pb acetate, as reflected by significantly lower blood and tissue Pb levels. The addition of unleaded dRG-II decreased the intestinal absorption and the tissue retention of Pb significantly. We further found that the apparent absorption and status of magnesium, zinc and iron were unaffected by Pb treatment or dRG-II addition. We conclude that dRG-II may be useful in decreasing toxicity related to chronic Pb exposure. Human studies will be necessary however, to further evaluate the clinical utility of this beneficial effect.

KEY WORDS: • lead • absorption • rhamnogalacturonan-II • fruits • vegetables • rats

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