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Articles

Amount of Dietary Fat and Type of Soluble Fiber Independently Modulate Postabsorptive Conversion of ß-Carotene to Vitamin A in Mongolian Gerbils^{1 ,2}

Denise M. Deming^*, Amy C. Boileau, Christine M. Lee and John W. Erdman, Jr.^*,3

^* Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 and University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267

³To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Current dietary guidelines recommend a decrease in fat intake and an increase in fiber consumption. Decreased bioavailability (BV) of carotenoids is thought to be associated with both of these recommendations. A 2 x 4 factorial design was used to test the effects of dietary fat level at 10 or 30% of total energy and fiber type using no fiber, silica, citrus pectin or oat gum (7 g/100 g) on ß-carotene (ßC) BV in 4- to 5-wk-old Mongolian gerbils. We assessed BV as both accumulation of ßC and bioconversion of ßC to vitamin A (VA) in tissues. A VA- and ßC-deficient diet was fed for 1 wk followed by one of eight isocaloric, semipurified diets supplemented with carrot powder [1 µg ßC, 0.5 µg -carotene (C)/kJ diet] for 2 wk (n = 12/group). Increasing dietary fat resulted in higher VA (P = 0.074) and lower ßC (P = 0.0001) stores in the liver, suggesting that consumption of high fat diets enhances conversion of ßC to VA. The effect of soluble fiber on hepatic VA storage was dependent on fiber type. Consumption of citrus pectin resulted in lower hepatic VA stores and higher hepatic ßC stores compared with all other groups, suggesting less conversion of ßC to VA. In contrast, consumption of oat gum resulted in hepatic VA and ßC stores that were higher (P = 0.012) and lower (P = 0.022), respectively, than those of citrus pectin–fed gerbils. The level of dietary fat consumed with soluble fiber had no interactive effects on hepatic VA, ßC or C stores. Results demonstrate that ßC BV is independently affected by dietary fat level and type of soluble fiber, and suggest that these dietary components modulate postabsorptive conversion of ßC to VA. This study confirms the negative effects of citrus pectin on ßC BV, and suggests that oat gum does not adversely affect ßC BV.

KEY WORDS: • ß-carotene • dietary fat • soluble fiber • vitamin A • Mongolian gerbils

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