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Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
During the past 20 years, much has been learned about how porcine
somatotropin (pST) affects growth and nutrient partitioning in growing
pigs. The development of techniques to produce large quantities of
recombinantly derived pST enabled numerous long-term studies to be
conducted in which the effects of daily pST administration could be
evaluated. Collectively, these studies established that treatment of
growing pigs with pST markedly stimulated muscle growth and,
concurrently, reduced fat deposition. In growing pigs, maximally
effective doses of pST increase average daily gain as much as 10–20%,
improve feed efficiency 15–30%, decrease adipose tissue mass and
lipid accretion rates by as much as 50–80% and concurrently increase
protein deposition by 50%. These effects are associated with a
decrease in feed intake of 
10–15%. These responses occur because
pST has a wide array of biological effects that modulate nutrient
partitioning between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The decrease
in adipose tissue growth is due to a reduction in lipogenesis that is
the consequence of pST blunting the effects of many
insulin-dependent events. With respect to fatty acid synthase
(FAS), a pace-setting enzyme in the lipogenic pathway, enzyme
activity is markedly reduced by pST. This is the result of a
pST-mediated decrease in FAS mRNA levels that occurs because FAS
gene transcription is decreased. The consequence of the decrease in
lipid synthesis is that adipocyte hypertrophy is impaired and, hence,
tissue growth. This review will provide an overview of some of the
biological effects of pST in adipose tissue and will discuss what is
known about the underlying mechanisms that account for these
effects.
KEY WORDS: •
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