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*
Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;
**
Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel 50-250;
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 and
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, D.C. 20204
2To whom correspondence should be addressed.
The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of a milk fat–depressing (MFD) diet on: 1) the activity of mammary acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), 2) ACC mRNA relative abundance and 3) distributions of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and trans-18:1 fatty acids (tFA) in milk fat. Twelve lactating Holstein cows were used in a single reversal design. Two diets were fed: a control diet (60:40% forage/concentrate) and an MFD diet (25:70% forage/concentrate, supplemented with 5% soybean oil). The MFD diet decreased (P < 0 0.001) milk fat by 43% and ACC and FAS activity by 61 and 44%, respectively. A reduced ACC mRNA relative abundance (P < 0.001) corresponded with the lower ACC activity. The fatty acids synthesized de novo were decreased (P < 0.002), whereas tFA were increased from 1.9 to 15.6% due predominantly to a change in trans-10-18:1 isomer (P < 0.001). With the MFD diet, the trans-7, cis-9 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers were elevated (P < 0.001), in contrast to the decrease in trans-11-18:1 (P < 0.001) and cis-9, trans-11-18:2. The data were consistent with a dietary effect on mammary de novo FA synthesis mediated through a reduction in ACC and FAS activity and in ACC mRNA abundance. The results were compatible with a role of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk fat depression, but alterations noted in tFA and other CLA isomers suggest that they also may be important during diet-induced milk fat depression.
KEY WORDS: • acetyl-CoA carboxylase • fatty acid synthase • trans fatty acids • conjugated linoleic acid • lactating dairy cows
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