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Article

Human Extracellular Water Volume Can Be Measured Using the Stable Isotope Na₂³⁴SO₄

Mazen J. Hamadeh*, Line Robitaille, Daniel Boismenu**, Pranithi Hongsprabhas, Orval A. Mamer** and L. John Hoffer*³

^* School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2; and ^** The Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 1A3

The volume of human extracellular water (ECW) may be estimated from the sulfate space (SS). Although it may better approximate ECW volume than the bromide space, a common alternative, SS measurement is limited by the need to administer a radioactive substance, sodium [³⁵S]sulfate. In this paper, we demonstrate the measurement of the SS using the stable isotope, sodium [³⁴S]sulfate. Eight healthy nonobese men ingested 0.50–0.78 mg (3.47–5.42 µmol) Na₂³⁴SO₄/kg body weight and 30 mg NaBr/kg body weight. Sulfate concentrations and ³⁴SO₄ enrichments were measured by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry before and during the 5 h after tracer administration. SS was calculated by linear extrapolation of the natural logarithm of serum ³⁴SO₄ concentrations obtained at h 2, 3 and 4 compared with h 3, 4 and 5. The SS obtained using values between h 3 and 5 (187 ± 17 mL/kg) was similar to published determinations using intravenous or oral radiosulfate, and was 80% of the simultaneously measured corrected bromide space (234 ± 10 mL/kg, P = 0.01). Oral sodium [³⁴S]sulfate administration is a suitable technique for measuring ECW and avoids radiation exposure.

KEY WORDS: • humans • extracellular water volume • corrected bromide space • sulfate space • body composition • stable isotope

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