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(Journal of Nutrition. 1999;129:552-555.)
© 1999 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences

Supplement

The Role of Interindividual Variation in Human Carcinogenesis

Cong Lai and Peter G. Shields 1

Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892–4255

The process of chemical carcinogenesis is a complex multistage process initiated by DNA damage in growth control genes. Carcinogens enter the body from a variety of sources, but most require metabolic activation before they can damage DNA. There are multiple protective processes that include detoxification and conjugation, DNA repair and programmed cell death. Most of these functions exhibit wide interindividual variation in the population and thus are thought to affect cancer risk. The role of gene-environment interactions is being explored, and current data indicate that genetic susceptibilities can modify carcinogen exposures from the diet and tobacco smoking, although much more data exist for the latter. This review addresses the relationships of human carcinogenesis to these interindividual differences of phase I, phase II and DNA repair enzymes.

KEY WORDS: • carcinogenesis • epidemiology • carcinogen metabolism • genetic polymorphism • nutrition




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