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Article

Accumulation of Astaxanthin all-E, 9Z and 13Z Geometrical Isomers and 3 and 3' RS Optical Isomers in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is Selective

^a HIST, Institute of Food Science and Technology, N-7004 Trondheim, Norway, ^b AKVAFORSK, Institute of Aquaculture Research AS, N-6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway and ^c Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Organic Chemistry Laboratories, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway

Concentrations of all-E-, 9Z- and 13Z- geometrical and (3R,3'R), (3R,3'S) and (3S,3'S) optical isomers of astaxanthin were determined in rainbow trout liver, gut tissues, kidney, skin and blood plasma to evaluate their body distribution. Two cold-pelleted diets containing predominantly all-E-astaxanthin (36.9 mg/kg astaxanthin, 97% all-E-, 0.4% 9Z-, 1.5% 13Z-astaxanthin, and 1.1% other isomers, respectively) or a mixture of all-E- and Z-astaxanthins (35.4 mg/kg astaxanthin, 64% all-E-, 18.7% 9Z-, 12.3% 13Z-astaxanthin, and 2.0% other isomers, respectively), were fed to duplicate groups of trout for 69 d. Individual E/Z isomers were identified by VIS- and ¹H-NMR-spectrometry, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Significantly higher total carotenoid concentration was observed in plasma of trout fed diets with all-E-astaxanthin (P < 0.05). The relative E/Z-isomer concentrations of plasma, skin and kidney were not significantly different among groups, whereas all-E-astaxanthin was higher in intestinal tissues and 13Z-astaxanthin was lower in liver of trout fed all-E-astaxanthin (P < 0.05). The relative amount of hepatic 13Z-astaxanthin (39–49% of total astaxanthin) was higher than in all other samples (P < 0.05). Synthetic, optically inactive astaxanthin was used in all experiments, and the determined dietary ratio between the 3R,3'R:3R,3'S (meso):3S,3'S optical isomers was 25.3:49.6:25.1. The distribution of R/S-astaxanthin isomers in feces, blood, liver and fillet was similar to that in the diets. The ratio between (3S,3'S)- and (3R,3'R)-astaxanthin in the skin and posterior kidney was ca. 2:1 and 3:1, respectively, regardless of dietary E/Z-astaxanthin composition. The results show that geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues of rainbow trout.

KEY WORDS: • Astaxanthin E/Z isomers • astaxanthin R/S isomers • bioavailability • rainbow trout • Oncorhynchus mykiss

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