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and Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin A in the Lungs of Mice1,2
*
Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics and
Discipline of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
3To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ingestion of fish oil can suppress the inflammatory response to injury
and may impair host resistance to infection. To investigate the effect
of a diet containing fish oil on immunity to viral infection, 148
BALB/c mice were fed diets containing 3 g/100 g of sunflower oil with
either 17 g/100 g of fish oil or beef tallow for 14 d before
intranasal challenge with live influenza virus. At d 1 and d 5 after
infection, the mice fed fish oil had higher lung viral load and lower
body weight (P < 0.05). In addition to the greater
viral load and weight loss at d 5 after infection, the fish oil group
consumed less food (P < 0.05) while the beef tallow
group was clearing the virus, had regained their preinfection weights
and was returning to their preinfection food consumption. The fish oil
group had impaired production of lung interferon-
(IFN-), serum
immunoglobulin (Ig) G and lung IgA-specific antibodies (all
P < 0.05) although lung IFN-
/ß and the relative
proportions of bronchial lymph node CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes did not
differ between groups after infection. The present study demonstrates a
delay in virus clearance in mice fed fish oil associated with reduced
IFN- and antibody production and a greater weight loss and
suppression of appetite following influenza virus infection. However,
differences observed during the course of infection did not affect the
ultimate outcome as both groups cleared the virus and returned to
preinfection food consumption and body weight by d 7.
KEY WORDS: • fish oil • (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids • immunity • infection • mice
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