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Research Communication

Integration of Vitamin A Supplementation with the Expanded Program on Immunization Does Not Affect Seroconversion to Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in Infants¹

Richard D. Semba², Muhilal^*, Nasrin E. G. Mohgaddam, Zakiuddin Munasir^**, Arwin Akib^**, Dewi Permaesih^*, Muherdiyantiningsih^* and Albert Osterhaus

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287; ^* Nutrition Research and Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Bogor, Indonesia; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; ^** Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; and Department of Virology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

²To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Childhood immunization programs may provide infrastructure for delivering vitamin A supplements to infants in developing countries. The effect of giving vitamin A, an immune enhancer, on antibody responses to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (TOPV) is unknown. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of giving vitamin A simultaneously with TOPV on antibody responses to poliovirus. Infants (n = 467) received oral vitamin A, 15 mg retinol equivalent (RE), 7.5 mg RE or placebo with TOPV at 6, 10 and 14 wk of age. Antibody responses to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were measured by a microvirus neutralization assay at enrollment and at 9 mo of age. Seroconversion rates to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 ranged from 98 to 100% in the three treatment groups, and there were no differences in mean antibody titers to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 among treatment groups. This study demonstrates that oral vitamin A does not affect antibody responses to poliovirus vaccine when integrated with the Expanded Program on Immunization.

KEY WORDS: • infants • vitamin A • immunization • poliovirus • vaccine

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