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Article

Simultaneous Vitamin A Administration at Routine Immunization Contact Enhances Antibody Response to Diphtheria Vaccine in Infants Younger than Six Months¹

M. M. Rahman^*2, D. Mahalanabis^*,, S. Hossain^*, M. A. Wahed^*, J. O. Alvarez^**, G. R. Siber, Claudette Thompson, M. Santosham and G. J. Fuchs^*

^* ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Society for Applied Research, Calcutta, India; ^** University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Massachusettes Public Health Biologic Laboratories, Boston, MA; and John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

²To whom correspondence should be addressed.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of simultaneous vitamin A supplementation and diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) vaccination on the antibody levels. Infants aged 6–17 wk (n = 56) were randomly given 15 mg oral vitamin A or placebo at the time of their DPT immunization. Three such doses were given at monthly intervals. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus were assayed on enrollment and 1 mo after the third dose. Baseline antibody concentrations to diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus did not differ between the vitamin A–supplemented and placebo-treated groups. The postdose antibody to diphtheria level was significantly greater in the vitamin A than in the placebo-treated group. The geometric mean ± SEM antibody levels (mg/L) were 22.9 ± 1.2 and 11.0 ± 1.3 in the vitamin A and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.029). The postsupplementation concentrations of antibodies to pertussis and tetanus did not differ between the two groups. These results suggest that antibody response to diphtheria vaccination was potentiated by simultaneous vitamin A administration and DPT immunization.

KEY WORDS: • infants • vitamin A • diphtheria • pertussis • tetanus • antibody • immunization

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