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Article

Pinus pinaster Oil Affects Lipoprotein Metabolism in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice¹

G. Asset^*,, E. Baugé^*,, R. L. Wolff^**, J. C. Fruchart^*, and J. Dallongeville^,2

^* INSERM U-325, 59019 Lille, France; Département d'Athérosclérose, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille, France; ^** Laboratoire de Lipochimie Alimentaire, ISTAB, Université Bordeaux I, 33 405 Talence, France; and INSERM U-508, 59019 Lille, France

²To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr Jean Dallongeville, Département d'Athérosclérose, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France.

The aim of the present study was to assess the antiatherogenic properties of Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) seed oil. To this end, the effects of P. pinaster oil supplementation on lipoprotein levels and atherosclerotic lesions were compared to those of lard or sunflower oil in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.0001) and VLDL + intermediary density lipoprotein (IDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.0001) levels were lower in mice fed P. pinaster and sunflower oil than in those fed the lard diet. In contrast, triglycerides (P < 0.0001) and VLDL + IDL-triglycerides (P < 0.0001) levels were higher in mice fed P. pinaster oil than sunflower oil or lard. The VLDL + IDL lipid composition of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed P. pinaster oil was intermediate between that of lard-fed transgenic mice and that of wild-type mice fed nonpurified diet. Using the Triton WR1339 method, the fractional catabolic rate of plasma triglycerides was found to be lower in mice fed P. pinaster oil (P < 0.0001) than sunflower oil or lard diet, suggesting a defective clearance of triglycerides in the P. pinaster group. Finally, the susceptibility of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to in vitro lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis was lower in the P. pinaster oil-fed group than in the lard-fed group. Despite the differences in VLDL + IDL level and lipid composition, the surface areas of aortic atherosclerotic lesions were not significantly different among mice fed P. pinaster, sunflower or lard diets. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that feeding P. pinaster oil had no better preventive effect on aortic atherosclerotic lesion extension in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice than other saturated or polyunsaturated fats.

KEY WORDS: • apolipoprotein E-deficient mice • atherosclerosis • diet • lipoprotein • Pinus pinaster oil