Hydrogenated Fat High in Trans Monoenes with an Adequate Level of Linoleic Acid Has no Effect on Prostaglandin Synthesis in Rats

Manuscript received 21 April 1998. Initial reviews completed 24 June 1998. Revision accepted 8 September 1998.

Burnsides Research Laboratory, Urbana, IL and Harlan E. Moore Heart Research Foundation, Champaign, IL

Our study was designed to determine whether hydrogenated fat high in trans monoenes concentration affected prostaglandin synthesis. Corn oil (CO), butter (B), hydrogenated vegetable oil (HF) and coating fat (CF) were used in this study. These fats were fed to rats for 10 wk at 10 g/100 g diet. The phospholipid (PL) fatty acid content of platelets, aorta and heart was determined by gas liquid chromatography, and the in vitro aorta production of prostacyclin (PGI₂) from exogenous or endogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was measured using the radioimmuno-assay (RIA) method. Serum thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) released by platelets as thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) during incubation of whole blood was also measured by this method. In the group fed CF, AA was significantly lower in the PL of aorta, platelet and heart, and the ratio 20:3(n-9)/20:4(n-6) was greater than in the groups fed CO, B or HF, indicating that the group fed CF was essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient. Although AA was significantly lower in the aorta and platelet PL of the group fed HF compared to the group fed CO, that difference did not affect the amounts of PGI₂ or TXB₂ produced in these groups. The group fed CF had significantly less PGI₂ and TXB₂ released by aorta and platelets than the other groups. This was the result of the reduced level of AA and the presence of higher amounts of 20:3(n-9) acid in the PL, which might act as a competitive inhibitor for cyclooxygenase. The aortic production of PGI₂ from exogenous AA did not differ among the groups indicating that prostaglandin synthetase was not affected by the dietary fat. We conclude that the consumption of hydrogenated fats high in trans 18:1 acids with adequate amount of linoleic acid had no effect on the amount of thromboxane or prostacyclin produced by platelet or aorta in vitro.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 129 No. 1 January 1999, pp. 15-24
Copyright ©1999 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences

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