![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Manuscript received 27 August 1997. Initial reviews completed 19 November 1997. Revision accepted 23 December 1997.
University of Western Australia Department of Medicine and the Western Australian Heart Research Institute, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
Isoflavonoids are a class of flavonoids that are derived in the human diet mainly from soybean-based foods. The major dietary isoflavonoids, genistein and daidzein, have estrogen-like activity and are classed as phytoestrogens. Because estrogens can lower serum LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol, the objective of this study was to determine if isoflavonoids could improve serum lipids in healthy subjects. Forty-six men and 13 postmenopausal women not receiving hormone replacement therapy completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two-way parallel design and 8 wk duration. One tablet containing 55 mg of isoflavonoids (predominantly in the form of genistein) or one placebo tablet was taken daily with the evening meal. Subjects maintained their usual diet and physical activity, which were unchanged throughout the intervention. Measurement of isoflavonoids and their metabolites in 24-h urine samples provided an assessment of compliance and of isoflavonoid metabolism. Serum total, LDL, HDL and HDL subclass cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein (a) were assessed at baseline and during the last week of intervention. After adjustment for baseline values, no significant differences in postintervention serum lipid and lipoprotein (a) concentrations between groups were identified. Further adjustment for age, gender and weight change did not alter the results. In addition, changes in urinary isoflavonoids were not significantly correlated with changes in serum lipids and lipoprotein (a). Therefore, this study does not support the hypothesis that isoflavonoid phytoestrogens can improve the serum lipids, at least in subjects with average serum cholesterol concentrations.
Key words: isoflavonoids, phytoestrogens, genistein, cholesterol, lipoproteins, humans.
The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 4 April 1998,
pp. 728-732
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. A Thorp, P. R. Howe, T. A Mori, A. M Coates, J. D Buckley, J. Hodgson, J. Mansour, and B. J Meyer Soy food consumption does not lower LDL cholesterol in either equol or nonequol producers Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 298 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Sosic-Jurjevic, B. Filipovic, V. Ajdzanovic, D. Brkic, N. Ristic, M. M. Stojanoski, N. Nestorovic, S. Trifunovic, and M. Sekulic A BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Subcutaneously Administrated Genistein and Daidzein Decrease Serum Cholesterol and Increase Triglyceride Levels in Male Middle-Aged Rats Experimental Biology and Medicine, October 1, 2007; 232(9): 1222 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Clerici, K. D. R. Setchell, P. M. Battezzati, M. Pirro, V. Giuliano, S. Asciutti, D. Castellani, E. Nardi, G. Sabatino, S. Orlandi, et al. Pasta Naturally Enriched with Isoflavone Aglycons from Soy Germ Reduces Serum Lipids and Improves Markers of Cardiovascular Risk J. Nutr., October 1, 2007; 137(10): 2270 - 2278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Mann, D. J. Rowlands, F. Y.L. Li, P. de Winter, and R. C.M. Siow Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by dietary isoflavones: Role of NO in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2007; 75(2): 261 - 274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. B. Michaud, J. P. Karpinski, K. L. Jones, and J. Espirito Dietary supplements in patients with cancer: Risks and key concepts, part 2 Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., March 1, 2007; 64(5): 467 - 480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Peluso Flavonoids Attenuate Cardiovascular Disease, Inhibit Phosphodiesterase, and Modulate Lipid Homeostasis in Adipose Tissue and Liver Experimental Biology and Medicine, September 1, 2006; 231(8): 1287 - 1299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. M. Sacks, A. Lichtenstein, L. Van Horn, W. Harris, P. Kris-Etherton, M. Winston, and for the AHA Nutrition Committee Soy protein, isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: a summary of a statement for professionals from the american heart association nutrition committee. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2006; 26(8): 1689 - 1692. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. N. Bairey Merz, B. D. Johnson, G. D. Braunstein, C. J. Pepine, S. E. Reis, M. Paul-Labrador, G. Hale, B. L. Sharaf, V. Bittner, G. Sopko, et al. Phytoestrogens and Lipoproteins in Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2209 - 2213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. L Hall, K. Vafeiadou, J. Hallund, S. Bugel, M. Reimann, C. Koebnick, H-J F. Zunft, M. Ferrari, F. Branca, T. Dadd, et al. Soy-isoflavone-enriched foods and markers of lipid and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women: interactions with genotype and equol production Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2006; 83(3): 592 - 600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Dewell, P. L. W. Hollenbeck, and C. B. Hollenbeck A Critical Evaluation of the Role of Soy Protein and Isoflavone Supplementation in the Control of Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2006; 91(3): 772 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. M. Sacks, A. Lichtenstein, L. Van Horn, W. Harris, P. Kris-Etherton, M. Winston, and for the American Heart Association Nutrition Commi Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health: An American Heart Association Science Advisory for Professionals From the Nutrition Committee Circulation, February 21, 2006; 113(7): 1034 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L McVeigh, B. L Dillingham, J. W Lampe, and A. M Duncan Effect of soy protein varying in isoflavone content on serum lipids in healthy young men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 244 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ma, D. Chiriboga, B. C. Olendzki, R. Nicolosi, P. A. Merriam, and I. S. Ockene Effect of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Blood Lipids in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2005; 24(4): 275 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Liu, H. Jiang, and R. W. Grange Genistein Activates the 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Signaling Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Protects Endothelial Barrier Function Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1312 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Liu, L. L. Homan, and J. S. Dillon Genistein Acutely Stimulates Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Vascular Endothelial Cells by a Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Mechanism Endocrinology, December 1, 2004; 145(12): 5532 - 5539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S Rosell, P. N Appleby, E. A Spencer, and T. J Key Soy intake and blood cholesterol concentrations: a cross-sectional study of 1033 pre- and postmenopausal women in the Oxford arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1391 - 1396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-G. Zhuo, M. K. Melby, and S. Watanabe Soy Isoflavone Intake Lowers Serum LDL Cholesterol: A Meta-Analysis of 8 Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans J. Nutr., September 1, 2004; 134(9): 2395 - 2400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Nikander, A. Tiitinen, K. Laitinen, M. Tikkanen, and O. Ylikorkala Effects of Isolated Isoflavonoids on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Insulin Sensitivity, and Ghrelin in Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2004; 89(7): 3567 - 3572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Atkinson, W. Oosthuizen, S. Scollen, A. Loktionov, N. E. Day, and S. A. Bingham Modest Protective Effects of Isoflavones from a Red Clover-Derived Dietary Supplement on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Perimenopausal Women, and Evidence of an Interaction with ApoE Genotype in 49-65 Year-Old Women J. Nutr., July 1, 2004; 134(7): 1759 - 1764. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Engler, M. M. Engler, C. Y. Chen, M. J. Malloy, A. Browne, E. Y. Chiu, H.-K. Kwak, P. Milbury, S. M. Paul, J. Blumberg, et al. Flavonoid-Rich Dark Chocolate Improves Endothelial Function and Increases Plasma Epicatechin Concentrations in Healthy Adults J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2004; 23(3): 197 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Atkinson, J. E Compston, N. E Day, M. Dowsett, and S. A Bingham The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2004; 79(2): 326 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Lin, G. W. Meijer, M. A. Vermeer, and E. A. Trautwein Soy Protein Enhances the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Plant Sterol Esters in Cholesterol-Fed Hamsters J. Nutr., January 1, 2004; 134(1): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Wagner, D. C. Schwenke, K. A. Greaves, L. Zhang, M. S. Anthony, R. M. Blair, M. K. Shadoan, and J. K. Williams Soy Protein With Isoflavones, but not an Isoflavone-Rich Supplement, Improves Arterial Low-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2003; 23(12): 2241 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Kurzer Phytoestrogen Supplement Use by Women J. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 133(6): 1983S - 1986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Gianazza, I. Eberini, A. Arnoldi, R. Wait, and C. R. Sirtori A Proteomic Investigation of Isolated Soy Proteins with Variable Effects in Experimental and Clinical Studies J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 9 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Nestel Role of Soy Protein in Cholesterol-Lowering: How Good Is It? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1743 - 1744. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Lichtenstein, S. M. Jalbert, H. Adlercreutz, B. R. Goldin, H. Rasmussen, E. J. Schaefer, and L. M. Ausman Lipoprotein Response to Diets High in Soy or Animal Protein With and Without Isoflavones in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1852 - 1858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lemay, S. Dodin, N. Kadri, H. Jacques, and J.-C. Forest Flaxseed Dietary Supplement Versus Hormone Replacement Therapy in Hypercholesterolemic Menopausal Women Obstet. Gynecol., September 1, 2002; 100(3): 495 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A.J.M. Kerckhoffs, F. Brouns, G. Hornstra, and R. P. Mensink Effects on the Human Serum Lipoprotein Profile of {beta}-Glucan, Soy Protein and Isoflavones, Plant Sterols and Stanols, Garlic and Tocotrienols J. Nutr., September 1, 2002; 132(9): 2494 - 2505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Tonstad, K. Smerud, and L. Hoie A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2002; 76(1): 78 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Dewell, C. Hollenbeck, and B. Bruce Authors' Response: Soy Supplement--Why Is the Effect So Elusive? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2002; 87(7): 3508 - 3509. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Meinertz, K. Nilausen, and J. Hilden Alcohol-Extracted, but Not Intact, Dietary Soy Protein Lowers Lipoprotein(a) Markedly Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 2002; 22(2): 312 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, M. S. Anthony, T. C. Register, and J. K. Williams The Inhibitory Effect of Soy Protein Isolate on Atherosclerosis in Mice Does Not Require the Presence of LDL Receptors or Alteration of Plasma Lipoproteins J. Nutr., January 1, 2002; 132(1): 43 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. R. Setchell Soy Isoflavones--Benefits and Risks from Nature's Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 20(90005): 354S - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Dent, C. T. Peterson, L. D. Brace, J. H. Swain, M. B. Reddy, K. B. Hanson, J. G. Robinson, and D. L. Alekel Soy Protein Intake by Perimenopausal Women Does Not Affect Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins or Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Factors J. Nutr., September 1, 2001; 131(9): 2280 - 2287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Glazier and M. A. Bowman A Review of the Evidence for the Use of Phytoestrogens as a Replacement for Traditional Estrogen Replacement Therapy Arch Intern Med, May 14, 2001; 161(9): 1161 - 1172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H Lichtenstein Got soy? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2001; 73(4): 667 - 668. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. R. Setchell, N. M. Brown, P. Desai, L. Zimmer-Nechemias, B. E. Wolfe, W. T. Brashear, A. S. Kirschner, A. Cassidy, and J. E. Heubi Bioavailability of Pure Isoflavones in Healthy Humans and Analysis of Commercial Soy Isoflavone Supplements J. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 131(4): 1362S - 1375. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E Wangen, A. M Duncan, X. Xu, and M. S Kurzer Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 225 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lamon-Fava Genistein Activates Apolipoprotein A-I Gene Expression in the Human Hepatoma Cell Line Hep G2 J. Nutr., October 1, 2000; 130(10): 2489 - 2492. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Arai, S. Watanabe, M. Kimira, K. Shimoi, R. Mochizuki, and N. Kinae Dietary Intakes of Flavonols, Flavones and Isoflavones by Japanese Women and the Inverse Correlation between Quercetin Intake and Plasma LDL Cholesterol Concentration J. Nutr., September 1, 2000; 130(9): 2243 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Peluso, T. A. Winters, M. F. Shanahan, and W. J. Banz A Cooperative Interaction between Soy Protein and Its Isoflavone-Enriched Fraction Lowers Hepatic Lipids in Male Obese Zucker Rats and Reduces Blood Platelet Sensitivity in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats J. Nutr., September 1, 2000; 130(9): 2333 - 2342. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Yamakoshi, M. K. Piskula, T. Izumi, K. Tobe, M. Saito, S. Kataoka, A. Obata, and M. Kikuchi Isoflavone Aglycone-Rich Extract without Soy Protein Attenuates Atherosclerosis Development in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits J. Nutr., August 1, 2000; 130(8): 1887 - 1893. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E Merz-Demlow, A. M Duncan, K. E Wangen, X. Xu, T. P Carr, W. R Phipps, and M. S Kurzer Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic, premenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2000; 71(6): 1462 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Ashton, F. S. Dalais, and M. J. Ball Effect of Meat Replacement by Tofu on CHD Risk Factors Including Copper Induced LDL Oxidation J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2000; 19(6): 761 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Greaves, M. D. Wilson, L. L. Rudel, J. K. Williams, and J. D. Wagner Consumption of Soy Protein Reduces Cholesterol Absorption Compared to Casein Protein Alone or Supplemented with an Isoflavone Extract or Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Ovariectomized Cynomolgus Monkeys J. Nutr., April 1, 2000; 130(4): 820 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. ALBERTAZZI, F. PANSINI, M. BOTTAZZI, G. BONACCORSI, D. DE ALOYSIO, and M. S. MORTON Dietary Soy Supplementation and Phytoestrogen Levels Obstet. Gynecol., August 1, 1999; 94(2): 229 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Greaves, J. S. Parks, J. K. Williams, and J. D. Wagner Intact Dietary Soy Protein, but Not Adding an Isoflavone-Rich Soy Extract to Casein, Improves Plasma Lipids in Ovariectomized Cynomolgus Monkeys J. Nutr., August 1, 1999; 129(8): 1585 - 1592. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
