Tolerance and Breath Hydrogen Excretion Following Ingestion of Maltitol Incorporated at Two Levels into Milk Chocolate Consumed by Healthy Young Adults with and without Fasting

Manuscript received 18 December 1995. Initial reviews completed 12 January 1996. Revision accepted 24 November 1997.

David M. Storey, Greorge A. Koutsou, Adam Lee, Albert Zumbe, Philippe Olivier^*, Yves Le Bot^*, and Bernard Flourie

Nutritional Biosciences Unit, Science Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; ^* Roquette Freres, F-62136 Lestrem, France; and  Hopitaux de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, F-69495 Pierre-Benite Cedex, France

Little is known about the gastrointestinal effects of ingesting maltitol in chocolate. This study was designed to determine whether it leads to increased gastrointestinal symptomatology and if that symptomatology is dose related. It was also designed to discover whether breath hydrogen excretion in response to maltitol is dose related. In a double-blind, crossover study, 20 healthy volunteers aged 18-24 y ingested 100 g chocolate containing 40 g sucrose, 10 g sucrose plus 30 g maltitol or 40 g maltitol after fasting (abstinence from food and liquids from 2200 h on the night before chocolate consumption) and not fasting. There was no difference in symptomatology between fasting and nonfasting periods, and consumption order had no effect on symptomatology. Relative to ingestion of sucrose, 30 g maltitol caused no significant difference in symptoms, but 40 g resulted in more mild borborygmi (P < 0.05) and mild flatulence (P < 0.01) but not moderate or severe symptoms. Neither 30 nor 40 g maltitol caused significantly greater laxation than sucrose ingestion (P > 0.05). In a separate study, 10 healthy volunteers aged 18-24 y ate the same test products before breath H₂ testing; 40 g maltitol in chocolate caused a greater total breath H₂ excretion compared with 30 g maltitol (P < 0.05) or sucrose (P < 0.01). Total breath hydrogen excretion was also greater with 30 g maltitol compared with sucrose (P < 0.05). This dose-related response was consistent with the lower symptomatology after ingestion of 30 vs. 40 g maltitol. We have shown that 30 g maltitol in chocolate causes no significant symptomatology in young adults; however, 40 g caused mild borborygmi and flatus but no increased laxation. An increased breath H₂ response indicates colonic fermentation of this polyol.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 3 March 1998, pp. 587-592
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences