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Manuscript received 3 June 1997. Initial reviews completed 9 July 1997. Revision accepted 10 November 1997.
Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20005; * Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543
We examined the effects of household participation in the Food Stamp and WIC Nutrition Programs on the nutrient intakes of preschoolers using data from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Nonbreastfeeding children, 1-4 y of age, with 3 d of dietary data and whose households had incomes < 130% of the poverty level were included in the study sample (n = 499). Nutrient adequacy ratios for each of 15 nutrients were the dependent variables in multiple regression models that controlled for the following: age, sex and ethnicity of the individual; income, size and location of the household; schooling of the household head; home ownership; school lunch and breakfast participation; and season in which the interview was conducted. WIC benefits positively influenced (P < 0.05) the intakes of 10 nutrients. For iron and zinc, the average increase due to WIC represented 16.6 and 10.6%, respectively, of the preschooler recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for these nutrients. The same analyses of the Food Stamp Program revealed increases in five nutrients. For iron and zinc, the average increase due to Food Stamps represented 12.3 and 9.2%, respectively, of the preschooler RDA. The effects of the WIC Program on the intakes of iron and zinc were greater than that of cash income, and neither program affected the intakes of fat, saturated fat or cholesterol.
Key words: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), Food Stamp Program, nutrient intake, program evaluation.
The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 3 March 1998,
pp. 548-555
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences
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