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The Role of Vitamin A in the Development of the Central Nervous System

Malcolm Maden, Emily Gale, and Maija Zile*

Developmental Biology Research Centre, King's College London, London WC2B 5RL U.K. and * Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824

We describe here the defects that arise in the central nervous system (CNS) of quail embryos when they develop in the absence of vitamin A. It has been assumed that because of the effects of excess vitamin A and its metabolites, particularly retinoic acid (RA), on the CNS they are involved in various aspects of CNS development. We show that this is indeed the case, because these deficient quail embryos have three defects in their CNS. First, the posterior hindbrain fails to develop because the cells fated to form this part of the CNS in the very early embryo die by apoptosis. Second, the neural tube fails to extend neurites into the periphery both in vivo and in vitro. Third, the neural crest cells throughout the embryo die by apoptosis. These results demonstrate a crucial requirement for vitamin A in CNS development.

Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, rhombomeres, neural crest, retinoids, central nervous system development.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 2 February 1998, pp. 471S-475S
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences




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