The Slow Discovery of the Importance of 3 Essential Fatty Acids in Human Health

The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912

Although linoleic and linolenic acids have been known to be necessary for normal growth and dermal function since 1930, the 3 essential fatty acids (EFA) have not received much attention until recently. The two families of acids are metabolized by the same enzymes, making them competitive. Gross deficiencies of 6 plus 3 EFA have been observed in humans, induced by attempts at total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with preparations devoid of lipids. Deficiency of 3 acids has been induced by TPN containing high 6 and low 3 fatty acids. In natural human populations, a wide range of 3 and 6 proportions have been found, ranging from high 3 and low 6 content to low 3 and high 6 content, showing inverse correlation between 6 and 3. In humans with neuropathy or impairment of the immune system, significant deficits of 3 EFA have been measured.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 2 February 1998, pp. 427S-433S
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences

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