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Is There a Role for Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Canine Renal Disease?

Scott A. Brown*, , Delmar R. Finco*, and Cathy A. Browndagger

* Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and dagger  Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602

Dogs with spontaneous renal diseases frequently develop progressive uremia. After partial nephrectomy, a similar pattern of progressively declining renal function develops. This pattern may be attributed in part to the development of glomerular hypertension in remnant canine nephrons. Changes in the composition of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modify glomerular hemodynamics in normal rats and affect the chronic course of renal disease in partially nephrectomized rats. Thus, dietary PUFA supplementation might alter progressive canine nephropathies. However, the response of dogs with renal insufficiency to dietary manipulations frequently differs substantially from that of laboratory rodents, and the effects of dietary PUFA composition have been poorly characterized in dogs with chronic renal disease. Here we address the hypothesis that dietary PUFA supplementation may delay the progression of chronic renal insufficiency in dogs. In particular, dogs ingesting diets supplemented with (n-6) PUFA exhibited severe glomerular hypertension associated with rapidly progressive renal failure. In contrast, dietary supplementation with (n-3) PUFA prevented deterioration of the glomerular filtration rate and preserved renal structure. The results of these model studies demonstrate that dietary PUFA supplementation may alter renal hemodynamics and the long-term course of renal injury in dogs. Clinical trials to address the potential benefits of dietary (n-3) PUFA supplementation in a variety of spontaneous renal diseases seem warranted.

Key words: polyunsaturated fatty acids, renal disease, hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, dogs.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 12 December 1998, pp. 2765S-2767S
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences






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