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The Role of Lipogenesis in the Development of Obesity and Diabetes in Israeli Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus)

Manuscript received 3 July 1997. Initial reviews completed 27 December 1997. Revision accepted 10 August 1998.

Paul A. Lewandowski, David Cameron-Smith, Colleen J. Jackson, Eva R. Kultys, and Greg R. Collier

School of Nutrition and Public Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia

Obesity and diabetes in Israeli sand rats, Psammomys obesus, occur with the sequential transition of animals from normal insulin sensitivity to impaired insulin sensitivity, accompanied by increased adiposity, prior to insulin resistance and obesity, in a manner similar to susceptible human populations. The current study was designed to examine the role of de novo lipid synthesis in the development of excessive weight gain in P. obesus. Sand rats were classified at 12 wk of age into three groups: A, normoglycemic normoinsulinemic; B, normoglycemic hyperinsulinemic; C, hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic, based on glucose and insulin responses in fed sand rats. Body weight, liver weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and food intake were significantly elevated in Group C compared to Group A (P < 0.05). Lipogenic rate was measured by the amount of 3H incorporated into subscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), epidiymal WAT and liver per hour, from sand rats with and without access to food. No difference in lipogenic rate was found between the groups in BAT, indicating that this tissue is of minor importance in whole body lipogenesis in P. obesus. In the WAT there was a greater lipogenic rate with the development of obesity and hyperinsulinemia (Group B vs. Group A) but no difference in the liver. However, the onset of hyperglycemia (Group C) further stimulated WAT lipogenesis and initiated increased hepatic lipogenesis, both of which contributed to the pre-existing obesity. This study suggests that elevated lipogenesis is not the primary cause of obesity in P. obesus, as lipogenic rate only markedly increases after obesity is already present in hyperglycemic animals.

Key words: hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lipogenesis, Psammomys obesus.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 11 November 1998, pp. 1984-1988
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences




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