Fermentable Dietary Fiber Increases GLP-1 Secretion and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Despite Increased Intestinal Glucose Transport Capacity in Healthy Dogs

Manuscript received 16 January 1998. Initial reviews completed 6 March 1998. Revision accepted 10 June 1998.

Stefan P. Massimino^*, Michael I. McBurney^{*, ,} , Catherine J. Field^*, , Alan B. R. Thomson, Monika Keelan, Michael G. Hayek, and Gregory D. Sunvold

Nutrition & Metabolism Research Group, ^* Departments of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and  Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5, and ^** Research and Development, The IAMS Co., Lewisburg, OH 45338

Ileal proglucagon gene expression and postprandial plasma concentrations of proglucagon-derived peptides are reported to change with the type and quantity of dietary fiber ingested by rats. Within the intestine, proglucagon encodes several proglucagon-derived peptides known to modulate intestinal absorption capacity and pancreatic insulin secretion. To determine whether the chronic ingestion of fermentable dietary fiber regulates the expression and synthesis of proglucagon-derived peptides in the distal intestine to modulate glucose homeostasis, the following study was conducted: 16 adult dogs (23 ± 2 kg) were fed isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing a mixture of high fermentable dietary fibers (HFF) or low fermentable (LFF) wood cellulose for 14 d in a randomized cross-over design. Food was withheld for 16 h before an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted supplying 2 g of glucose/kg body wt, and peripheral blood was collected via a hind-leg catheter at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min for plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)NH₂ (GLP-1) analyses. Intestinal samples were collected after the second dietary treatment. Ileal proglucagon mRNA, intestinal (GLP-1) concentrations and the integrated area under the curves (AUC) for plasma GLP-1 and insulin were greater and plasma glucose AUC was reduced when dogs were fed the HFF diet compared to the LFF diet (P < 0.05). Intestinal villi heights, brush border and basolateral glucose transporter protein abundance and jejunal transport capacities were significantly greater when dogs were fed the HFF diet than when fed the LFF diet. In conclusion, improvements in glucose homeostasis are observed in healthy dogs when they ingest fermentable fibers.

The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 10 October 1998, pp. 1786-1793
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences

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