![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Manuscript received 18 August 1997. Initial reviews completed 12 October 1997. Revision accepted 1 June 1998.
,
Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan; * Division of Adult Health, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cancer Information, National Cancer Center, Tokyo Japan; and Folkhalsan Research Center and Department of Clinical Chemistry and the ** Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
To take advantage of the various pharmacologic activities of soy bean isoflavones, more detailed studies of the absorption and excretion rates of these compounds in humans and subsequent evaluation of their bioavailabilities are required. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study of soybean isoflavones in seven healthy male volunteers. After ingestion of 60 g of kinako (baked soybean powder, containing 103 µmol daidzein and 112 µmol genistein), changes of the isoflavone and metabolite concentrations in plasma, urine and feces were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The plasma concentration of genistein increased after 2 h and reached its highest value of 2.44 ± 0.65 µmol/L 6 h later. The plasma concentration of daidzein peaked at 1.56 ± 0.34 µmol/L at the same time, but it was always lower than that of genistein. Peak plasma concentration of O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol appeared after the daidzein peak in four and two subjects, respectively. In contrast with plasma, daidzein was the main component in urine. Urinary daidzein excretion started to increase shortly after the rise in its plasma concentration and reached 2.4 µmol/h 8 h after ingestion of kinako. Genistein excretion in urine paralleled that of daidzein, but the value at 6 h was about half (1.1 µmol/h). The majority of ingested isoflavones after ingestion of kinako were recovered on d 2 or 3 in the feces. Total recovery of daidzein, O-DMA and equol from urine and feces was 54.7%, calculated from daidzein intake; 20.1% of administered genistein was recovered as genistein. The half-lives of plasma genistein and daidzein were 8.36 and 5.79 h, respectively. The individual plasma and urinary concentrations of equol and O-DMA were quite variable; subjects were classified as high and low metabolizers. The high plasma concentration of isoflavones for at least several hours after a single ingestion of soy protein suggests that these compounds may interact with macromolecules and have biological effects.
Key words: phytoestrogen, genistein, daidzein, humans, kinetics.
The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 10 October 1998,
pp. 1710-1715
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. A Thorp, P. R. Howe, T. A Mori, A. M Coates, J. D Buckley, J. Hodgson, J. Mansour, and B. J Meyer Soy food consumption does not lower LDL cholesterol in either equol or nonequol producers Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 298 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E Rufer, A. Bub, J. Moseneder, P. Winterhalter, M. Sturtz, and S. E Kulling Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1314 - 1323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Iwasaki, M. Inoue, T. Otani, S. Sasazuki, N. Kurahashi, T. Miura, S. Yamamoto, and S. Tsugane Plasma Isoflavone Level and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer Among Japanese Women: A Nested Case-Control Study From the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2008; 26(10): 1677 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Clerici, K. D. R. Setchell, P. M. Battezzati, M. Pirro, V. Giuliano, S. Asciutti, D. Castellani, E. Nardi, G. Sabatino, S. Orlandi, et al. Pasta Naturally Enriched with Isoflavone Aglycons from Soy Germ Reduces Serum Lipids and Improves Markers of Cardiovascular Risk J. Nutr., October 1, 2007; 137(10): 2270 - 2278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Penza, C. Montani, A. Romani, P. Vignolini, P. Ciana, A. Maggi, B. Pampaloni, L. Caimi, and D. Di Lorenzo Genistein Accumulates in Body Depots and Is Mobilized during Fasting, Reaching Estrogenic Levels in Serum that Counter the Hormonal Actions of Estradiol and Organochlorines Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2007; 97(2): 299 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. French, L. U. Thompson, and G. A. Hawker Validation of a Phytoestrogen Food Frequency Questionnaire with Urinary Concentrations of Isoflavones and Lignan Metabolites in Premenopausal Women J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 26(1): 76 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kano, T. Takayanagi, K. Harada, S. Sawada, and F. Ishikawa Bioavailability of Isoflavones after Ingestion of Soy Beverages in Healthy Adults J. Nutr., September 1, 2006; 136(9): 2291 - 2296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. R. Setchell and S. J. Cole Method of Defining Equol-Producer Status and Its Frequency among Vegetarians J. Nutr., August 1, 2006; 136(8): 2188 - 2193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-K. Kim, C. Nelson-Dooley, M. A. Della-Fera, J.-Y. Yang, W. Zhang, J. Duan, D. L. Hartzell, M. W. Hamrick, and C. A. Baile Genistein Decreases Food Intake, Body Weight, and Fat Pad Weight and Causes Adipose Tissue Apoptosis in Ovariectomized Female Mice J. Nutr., February 1, 2006; 136(2): 409 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Cassidy, J. E. Brown, A. Hawdon, M. S. Faughnan, L. J. King, J. Millward, L. Zimmer-Nechemias, B. Wolfe, and K. D.R. Setchell Factors Affecting the Bioavailability of Soy Isoflavones in Humans after Ingestion of Physiologically Relevant Levels from Different Soy Foods J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 45 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Selvaraj, D. Bunick, C. Finnigan-Bunick, R. W. Johnson, H. Wang, L. Liu, and P. S. Cooke Gene Expression Profiling of 17{beta}-Estradiol and Genistein Effects on Mouse Thymus Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2005; 87(1): 97 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Setchell, C. Clerici, E. D Lephart, S. J Cole, C. Heenan, D. Castellani, B. E Wolfe, L. Nechemias-Zimmer, N. M Brown, T. D Lund, et al. S-Equol, a potent ligand for estrogen receptor {beta}, is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the soy isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2005; 81(5): 1072 - 1079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Atkinson, C. L. Frankenfeld, and J. W. Lampe Gut Bacterial Metabolism of the Soy Isoflavone Daidzein: Exploring the Relevance to Human Health Experimental Biology and Medicine, March 1, 2005; 230(3): 155 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. T. van der Schouw, L. Sampson, W. C. Willett, and E. B. Rimm The Usual Intake of Lignans but Not That of Isoflavones May Be Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in U.S. Men J. Nutr., February 1, 2005; 135(2): 260 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Manach, G. Williamson, C. Morand, A. Scalbert, and C. Remesy Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 230S - 242S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Halliwell, J. Rafter, and A. Jenner Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 268S - 276S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kim, I. Sohn, Y. S. Lee, and Y. S. Lee Hepatic Gene Expression Profiles Are Altered by Genistein Supplementation in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity J. Nutr., January 1, 2005; 135(1): 33 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zheng, S.-O. Lee, M. A. Verbruggen, P. A. Murphy, and S. Hendrich The Apparent Absorptions of Isoflavone Glucosides and Aglucons Are Similar in Women and Are Increased by Rapid Gut Transit Time and Low Fecal Isoflavone Degradation J. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 134(10): 2534 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wiseman, K. Casey, E. A Bowey, R. Duffy, M. Davies, I. R Rowland, A. S Lloyd, A. Murray, R. Thompson, and D. B Clarke Influence of 10 wk of soy consumption on plasma concentrations and excretion of isoflavonoids and on gut microflora metabolism in healthy adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2004; 80(3): 692 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. Allred, K. F. Allred, Y. H. Ju, T. S. Goeppinger, D. R. Doerge, and W. G. Helferich Soy processing influences growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumors Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2004; 25(9): 1649 - 1657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-G. Zhuo, M. K. Melby, and S. Watanabe Soy Isoflavone Intake Lowers Serum LDL Cholesterol: A Meta-Analysis of 8 Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans J. Nutr., September 1, 2004; 134(9): 2395 - 2400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Manach, A. Scalbert, C. Morand, C. Remesy, and L. Jimenez Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2004; 79(5): 727 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Erdman Jr., T. M. Badger, J. W. Lampe, K. D.R. Setchell, and M. Messina Not All Soy Products Are Created Equal: Caution Needed in Interpretation of Research Results J. Nutr., May 1, 2004; 134(5): 1229S - 1233S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Wu, M. C. Yu, C.-C. Tseng, N. C. Twaddle, and D. R. Doerge Plasma isoflavone levels versus self-reported soy isoflavone levels in Asian-American women in Los Angeles County Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2004; 25(1): 77 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Takimoto, K. Glover, X. Huang, S. A. Hayes, L. Gallot, M. Quinn, B. D. Jovanovic, A. Shapiro, L. Hernandez, A. Goetz, et al. Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Unconjugated Soy Isoflavones Administered to Individuals with Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2003; 12(11): 1213 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Naaz, S. Yellayi, M. A. Zakroczymski, D. Bunick, D. R. Doerge, D. B. Lubahn, W. G. Helferich, and P. S. Cooke The Soy Isoflavone Genistein Decreases Adipose Deposition in Mice Endocrinology, August 1, 2003; 144(8): 3315 - 3320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Tice, B. Ettinger, K. Ensrud, R. Wallace, T. Blackwell, and S. R. Cummings Phytoestrogen Supplements for the Treatment of Hot Flashes: The Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, July 9, 2003; 290(2): 207 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hu, K. Krausz, J. Chen, X. Ge, J. Li, H. L. Gelboin, and Frank. J. Gonzalez IDENTIFICATION OF CYP1A2 AS THE MAIN ISOFORM FOR THE PHASE I HYDROXYLATED METABOLISM OF GENISTEIN AND A PRODRUG CONVERTING ENZYME OF METHYLATED ISOFLAVONES Drug Metab. Dispos., July 1, 2003; 31(7): 924 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Blair, S. E. Appt, A. A. Franke, and T. B. Clarkson Treatment with Antibiotics Reduces Plasma Equol Concentration in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2262 - 2267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. R. Setchell, N. M. Brown, P. B. Desai, L. Zimmer-Nechimias, B. Wolfe, A. S. Jakate, V. Creutzinger, and J. E. Heubi Bioavailability, Disposition, and Dose-Response Effects of Soy Isoflavones When Consumed by Healthy Women at Physiologically Typical Dietary Intakes J. Nutr., April 1, 2003; 133(4): 1027 - 1035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Lampe Isoflavonoid and Lignan Phytoestrogens as Dietary Biomarkers J. Nutr., March 1, 2003; 133(3): 956S - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Setchell, M. S Faughnan, T. Avades, L. Zimmer-Nechemias, N. M Brown, B. E Wolfe, W. T Brashear, P. Desai, M. F Oldfield, N. P Botting, et al. Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2003; 77(2): 411 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhang, S. Hendrich, and P. A. Murphy Glucuronides Are the Main Isoflavone Metabolites in Women J. Nutr., February 1, 2003; 133(2): 399 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J Bhathena and M. T Velasquez Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2002; 76(6): 1191 - 1201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-L. Sun, J.-M. Yuan, K. Arakawa, S.-H. Low, H.-P. Lee, and M. C. Yu Dietary Soy and Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2002; 11(12): 1674 - 1677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, T. C. Register, M. S. Anthony, J. B. Hodgin, N. Maeda, and J.K. Williams The Atheroprotective Effect of Dietary Soy Isoflavones in Apolipoprotein E-/- Mice Requires the Presence of Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1859 - 1864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rao, R. D. Woodruff, W. N. Wade, T. E. Kute, and S. D. Cramer Genistein and Vitamin D Synergistically Inhibit Human Prostatic Epithelial Cell Growth J. Nutr., October 1, 2002; 132(10): 3191 - 3194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R Shelnutt, C. O Cimino, P. A Wiggins, M. J. Ronis, and T. M Badger Pharmacokinetics of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in men and women after consumption of a soy beverage Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2002; 76(3): 588 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Richelle, S. Pridmore-Merten, S. Bodenstab, M. Enslen, and E. A. Offord Hydrolysis of Isoflavone Glycosides to Aglycones by {beta}-Glycosidase Does Not Alter Plasma and Urine Isoflavone Pharmacokinetics in Postmenopausal Women J. Nutr., September 1, 2002; 132(9): 2587 - 2592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Setchell, N. M Brown, L. Zimmer-Nechemias, W. T Brashear, B. E Wolfe, A. S Kirschner, and J. E Heubi Evidence for lack of absorption of soy isoflavone glycosides in humans, supporting the crucial role of intestinal metabolism for bioavailability Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2002; 76(2): 447 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rivas, R. P. Garay, J. F. Escanero, P. Cia Jr., P. Cia, and J. O. Alda Soy Milk Lowers Blood Pressure in Men and Women with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension J. Nutr., July 1, 2002; 132(7): 1900 - 1902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Liu and M. Hu Absorption and Metabolism of Flavonoids in the Caco-2 Cell Culture Model and a Perused Rat Intestinal Model Drug Metab. Dispos., April 1, 2002; 30(4): 370 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Atkinson, H. E. Skor, E. D. Fitzgibbons, D. Scholes, C. Chen, K. Wahala, S. M. Schwartz, and J. W. Lampe Overnight Urinary Isoflavone Excretion in a Population of Women Living in the United States, and Its Relationship to Isoflavone Intake Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2002; 11(3): 253 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, M. S. Anthony, T. C. Register, and J. K. Williams The Inhibitory Effect of Soy Protein Isolate on Atherosclerosis in Mice Does Not Require the Presence of LDL Receptors or Alteration of Plasma Lipoproteins J. Nutr., January 1, 2002; 132(1): 43 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Messina and C. L. Loprinzi Soy for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Critical Review of the Literature J. Nutr., November 1, 2001; 131(11): 3095S - 3108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. J. Linford, Y. Yang, D. G. Cook, and D. M. Dorsa Neuronal Apoptosis Resulting from High Doses of the Isoflavone Genistein: Role for Calcium and P42/44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2001; 299(1): 67 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yamamoto, T. Sobue, S. Sasaki, M. Kobayashi, Y. Arai, M. Uehara, H. Adlercreutz, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, Y. Iitoi, et al. Validity and Reproducibility of a Self-Administered Food-Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Isoflavone Intake in a Japanese Population in Comparison with Dietary Records and Blood and Urine Isoflavones J. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 131(10): 2741 - 2747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. R. Setchell, N. M. Brown, P. Desai, L. Zimmer-Nechemias, B. E. Wolfe, W. T. Brashear, A. S. Kirschner, A. Cassidy, and J. E. Heubi Bioavailability of Pure Isoflavones in Healthy Humans and Analysis of Commercial Soy Isoflavone Supplements J. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 131(4): 1362S - 1375. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Lampe, H. E. Skor, S. Li, K. Wähälä, W. N. Howald, and C. Chen Wheat Bran and Soy Protein Feeding Do Not Alter Urinary Excretion of the Isoflavan Equol in Premenopausal Women J. Nutr., March 1, 2001; 131(3): 740 - 744. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick De Boever, B. Deplancke, and W. Verstraete Fermentation by Gut Microbiota Cultured in a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem Is Improved by Supplementing a Soygerm Powder J. Nutr., October 1, 2000; 130(10): 2599 - 2606. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Chang, M. I. Churchwell, K. B. Delclos, R. R. Newbold, and D. R. Doerge Mass Spectrometric Determination of Genistein Tissue Distribution in Diet-Exposed Sprague-Dawley Rats J. Nutr., August 1, 2000; 130(8): 1963 - 1970. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Izumi, M. K. Piskula, S. Osawa, A. Obata, K. Tobe, M. Saito, S. Kataoka, Y. Kubota, and M. Kikuchi Soy Isoflavone Aglycones Are Absorbed Faster and in Higher Amounts than Their Glucosides in Humans J. Nutr., July 1, 2000; 130(7): 1695 - 1699. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Shelnutt, C. O. Cimino, P. A. Wiggins, and T. M. Badger Urinary Pharmacokinetics of the Glucuronide and Sulfate Conjugates of Genistein and Daidzein Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2000; 9(4): 413 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Doerge, H. C. Chang, M. I. Churchwell, and C. L. Holder Analysis of Soy Isoflavone Conjugation In Vitro and in Human Blood Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2000; 28(3): 298 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Donovan, J. R. Bell, S. Kasim-Karakas, J. B. German, R. L. Walzem, R. J. Hansen, and A. L. Waterhouse Catechin Is Present as Metabolites in Human Plasma after Consumption of Red Wine J. Nutr., September 1, 1999; 129(9): 1662 - 1668. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Lampe, D. R. Gustafson, A. M. Hutchins, M. C. Martini, S. Li, K. Wähälä, G. A. Grandits, J. D. Potter, and J. L. Slavin Urinary Isoflavonoid and Lignan Excretion on a Western Diet: Relation to Soy, Vegetable, and Fruit Intake Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 1999; 8(8): 699 - 707. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhang, G.-J. Wang, T. T. Song, P. A. Murphy, and S. Hendrich Urinary Disposition of the Soybean Isoflavones Daidzein, Genistein and Glycitein Differs among Humans with Moderate Fecal Isoflavone Degradation Activity J. Nutr., May 1, 1999; 129(5): 957 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
