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Manuscript received 19 June 1996. Initial reviews completed 13 August 1996. Revision accepted 27 August 1997.
, and
* Institute of Parasitology and ** School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada and Center for the Study of Host Resistance, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
This study examined whether the impaired immune responses in zinc deficient- and/or energy-restricted mice exposed to a challenge infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus might be associated with reduced numbers of spleen cells, altered proportions of spleen cell subpopulations and/or altered function of the T cells or antigen-presenting cells (APC). Female BALB/c mice were given free access to either a zinc-sufficient (60 mg zinc/kg diet, Zn+) or a zinc-deficient diet (0.75 mg zinc/kg diet, Zn
) or were pair-fed (PF) the zinc-sufficient diet. Significant differences in parasite burdens were observed. Worm numbers were lowest in Zn+ mice, intermediate in the PF mice and highest in the Zn mice, showing that both zinc deficiency and energy restriction reduced protective immunity against the gastrointestinal nematode H. polygyrus. Although the absolute numbers of spleen cells were reduced in both Zn and energy-restricted (PF) mice, neither deficiency altered the phenotypic distribution of the subpopulations of positive marker cells in the spleen. In vitro functional assays using a 1:1 ratio of APC:T cells showed that T-cell proliferation in response to parasite antigen (Ag) was impaired by a dietary effect of zinc deficiency on T cells and of energy restriction and zinc deficiency on APC function. Consequences of the nutritional deficiencies on cytokine production in response to parasite antigen were more complex: zinc deficiency reduced T-cell function [interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 (IL-4 and IL-5) production], and both nutritional deficits depressed APC functions [IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-
(IFN-) production] and T-cell function (IFN- production). Thus, this study showed that zinc deficiency and energy restriction played identifiably distinct roles in regulating host immune responses against the gastrointestinal nematode H. polygyrus.
The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 1 January 1998,
pp. 20-27
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences
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