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Manuscript received 11 July 1996. Initial reviews completed 3 September 1996. Revision accepted 11 February 1997.
Tezukayama Gakuin College, Sakai, Osaka 590-01, Japan and * Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Osaka 532, Japan
To investigate the effects of different dietary fatty acids and proteins on glucose tolerance and insulin receptor gene expression, Wistar fatty rats (genetically obese, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and their lean littermates (8 wk old) were fed a casein or soybean protein diet containing 9% partially saturated beef tallow (plus 1% corn oil), 10% corn oil or 10% fish oil for 3 wk. In glucose tolerance tests, plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher in obese rats fed corn oil or fish oil than in those fed partially saturated beef tallow, particularly in the soybean protein groups. However, plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary protein or fat. The insulin receptor mRNA concentrations in livers and adipose tissues were higher in rats fed soybean protein/partially saturated beef tallow than in those fed any other protein/fat combination. Dietary soybean protein may help to reduce the insulin resistance, but only when a diet low in polyunsaturated fatty acids is consumed. On the other hand, the insulin receptor mRNA concentrations in adipose tissue were generally lower in the obese rats of all dietary groups than in the lean rats, suggesting that insulin resistance may be due to a defect of insulin receptor gene expression.
Key words: noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin receptor mRNA, insulin, soybean protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, rats.
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