The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 127 No. 4 April 1997, pp. 648-654
Copyright ©1997 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences

Hexachlorobenzene Accumulated by Dams during Pregnancy Is Transferred to Suckling Rats during Early Lactation

Manuscript received 1 July 1996. Initial reviews completed 17 July 1996. Revision accepted 6 January 1997.

Yoko Nakashima, Saeko Ohsawa^*, Keizo Umegaki, and Sachie Ikegami^*

Department of Human Life and Culture, Seitoku University, Matsudo-city, Chiba 271, Japan; and ^* Division of Food Science and  Division of Applied Food Research, The National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan

The distribution of ingested stable, lipophilic environmental pollutants in dams and their transfer to fetuses and sucklings were investigated in rats fed a diet containing a small amount (35.1 nmol/100 g diet) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). In the first experiment, we examined the distribution of HCB in pregnant and nursing rats fed the HCB diet during pregnancy and lactation. Its transfer to their sucklings was also studied. On d 16 after parturition, HCB concentrations in the blood, and subcutaneous and perirenal fat of nursing rats fed the HCB diet during pregnancy and lactation were approximately 1/3.5, 1/15 and 1/2.8, respectively, those of pregnant rats fed the HCB diet only during pregnancy. On the other hand, the HCB concentrations in the blood, and subcutaneous and perirenal fat of sucklings were approximately 6, 29 and 15 times higher than those of their dams. Therefore, a large amount of HCB apparently was transferred from dams to suckling pups through the milk. In the second experiment, we fed dams the HCB diet only during pregnancy and determined the distribution of HCB in the pregnant rats and fetuses as well as in the nursing rats and suckling pups. The estimated amount of HCB transferred from a dam to her fetuses corresponded to about 0.39% of her total intake during pregnancy. The amount of HCB detected in nursing rats on d 16 after parturition was much smaller than that in the pregnant rats, suggesting that a large proportion of the HCB that accumulated during pregnancy disappeared from the organs and fat tissues during lactation. The HCB concentration in the stomach contents of suckling pups fed by the dams who had consumed HCB before parturition was highest on d 2 after birth and decreased gradually during the 16 d after birth. In the blood, liver and fat tissues of suckling rats, the HCB concentrations increased until 7 d after birth and then decreased gradually. We conclude that the HCB that accumulated in dams during pregnancy was transferred to their suckling pups through milk in the early days after birth.