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Manuscript received 8 July 1996. Initial reviews completed 13 August 1996. Revision accepted 12 November 1996.
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422, Japan and * Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558, Japan
The effects of dietary protein types and methionine supplementation on phospholipid metabolism were investigated to clarify the mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic action of soybean protein in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. The effect of switching from a casein diet to a soybean protein diet was also investigated. Rats were fed casein, soybean protein or soybean protein + methionine diet for 14 d. Compared with casein diet, feeding of soybean protein diet led to significantly higher proportions of linoleic acid and linoleic acid-containing molecular species, especially 16:0-18:2, in plasma and liver microsomal phosphatidylcholine (PC). In addition, significantly lower plasma cholesterol concentration, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine concentration and liver microsomal PC:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio resulted. These alterations caused by the soybean protein diet were significantly suppressed by supplementing methionine to the level of the casein diet (3.4 g/kg diet). The proportion of the sum of certain plasma PC molecular species, which contain 18:1 or 18:2 in the sn-2 position, increased in response to the switch from the casein diet to the soybean protein diet at a rate similar to the decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration; there was a significant correlation between the two variables (r = 
0.992, P < 0.001). These results indicate that about 40% of the hypocholesterolemic action of soybean protein is due to the low methionine content of the protein and might be associated with alterations of the plasma phospholipid molecular species profile.
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