The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 127 No. 4 April 1997, pp. 566-573
Copyright ©1997 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences

Lipid Level and Type Alter Stearoyl CoA Desaturase mRNA Abundance Differently in Mice with Distinct Susceptibilities to Diet-Influenced Diseases

Manuscript received 7 August 1996. Initial reviews completed 23 September 1996. Revision accepted 10 January 1997.

Eric I. Park, Elizabeth A. Paisley, Heather J. Mangian, Deborah A. Swartz, MaoXin Wu^*, , Patricia J. O'Morchoe^*, Stephen R. Behr, Willard J. Visek, and Jim Kaput^**,

Department of Internal Medicine, ^* Department of Pathology, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801;  Department of Medical Nutrition Research and Development, Ross Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43216; and ^** The Sapient's Institute, Molecular Genetics in Nutrition Program, Dallas, TX 75209

Chronic diseases develop in susceptible individuals following exposure to environmental conditions including high fat diets. Inbred strains of mice differing in susceptibility to atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity and certain cancers are models for understanding the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms whereby diet influences these polygenic and multifactorial disorders. Expression sequence tags (EST) and disease quantitative trait loci (QTL) are also being identified with these strains. Reported here are comparisons of food intake, growth, nonfasting serum lipids and expression of mRNA for hepatic apolipoprotein E (ApoE), hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase (Scd1) and heart lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) in a 2 × 2 × 2 design with C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice fed semipurified diets with 4 or 20% saturated (coconut) or unsaturated (corn) oils for 4 mo. Histological studies of aortas and coronary arteries are also reported for these animals. After 4 mo, BALB/cByJ mice were significantly heavier and had significantly higher total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the fed state than C57BL/6J mice. Efficiency of utilizing dietary energy did not differ consistently between strains. Oil level affected serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, which were significantly greater in mice fed high fat diets. Lpl and ApoE mRNA expression levels were not significantly affected by mouse strain, oil source or oil level. Scd1 mRNA expression, however, was significantly higher in C57BL/6J than in BALB/cByJ mice and was lower in all mice fed 20% compared with those fed 4% fat diets. Genes regulated differently by diet among strains with distinct susceptibility to diet-influenced disease may be associated with molecular pathways contributing to incidence or severity.

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