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-Oxidized or Stored in Visceral Fat
Manuscript received 30 April 1996. Initial reviews completed 19 July 1996. Revision accepted 24 September 1996.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E2
On a quantitative, whole-body basis, little is known about the amount of linoleate that is converted to arachidonate or the partitioning of linoleate and its longer-chain derivatives among lean and fat tissues. The aim of the present study was to examine linoleate balance and organ partitioning in rats consuming a low but adequate level of linoleate. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were given free access to a semipurified diet containing 2.3% of energy as linoleate. Food intake, fecal output and body weight gain were measured for 26 d. Whole-body fatty acid balance analysis showed that 75.5% of the linoleate consumed disappeared (apparently by 
-oxidation), 18.7% was accumulated as linoleate, 3.0% was converted to (n-6) longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and 1.2% was excreted in the feces. Visceral fat contained 64% of the accumulated linoleate, and 23% was in lean tissues. Comparable values for 
-linolenate were as follows: disappearance (84.9%), accumulation (10.9%), excretion in the feces (2.2%), and conversion to (n-3) longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (1.4%). Visceral fat contained 67% of the accumulated -linolenate, and 23% was in lean tissues. Visceral fat also accumulated 26% of newly synthesized (n-6) longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and 31% of the (n-3) longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, only 6.5% of dietary linoleate consumed at a low but adequate level for rats appeared in lean tissues as linoleate or its fatty acid metabolites; the rest was -oxidized or stored in fat, mostly in visceral fat. These results lead us to speculate whether losses through -oxidation contribute to the recommended intake for linoleate in growing rats.
-linolenate,
-oxidation,
polyunsaturates,
rats.
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