QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Layne, K. S. Articles by Clandinin, M. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Layne, K. S. Articles by Clandinin, M. T.

Normal Subjects Consuming Physiological Levels of 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) from Flaxseed or Fish Oils Have Characteristic Differences in Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Fatty Acid Levels^1,2,

Kim S. Layne^*, Yeow K. Goh^*, Jacqueline A. Jumpsen^*, Edmond A. Ryan, Peter Chow^** and Michael T. Clandinin^*,,,3

^* Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P5 The^** University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4

The study assessed the effect of low doses of fatty acids from fish or flaxseed oil on plasma lipid concentrations in normal humans consuming diets with either high (0.87, n = 11) or low (0.48, n = 15) dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratios. The dose of (n-3) fatty acids reflected an (n-3) intake that could easily be attained by selection of foods in a normal diet. The individuals were initially supplemented with olive oil [35 mg 18:1/(kg body weight · d)], and then were randomly assigned to either flaxseed or fish oil [35 mg 18:3(n-3) or 35 mg 20:5(n-3) + 22:6(n-3)/(kg body weight · d), respectively] treatments. Participants consumed each oil supplement for 3 mo. Blood samples were drawn for analysis at the end of each 3-mo period. Plasma triacylglycerol, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations, and lipoprotein fatty acid concentrations are shown. Fish oil reduced plasma triacylglycerol and increased lipoprotein levels of 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). The flaxseed oil did not alter plasma triacylglycerol level and produced small changes in 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) concentrations. Total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were not affected by either (n-3) fatty acid. Significant differences in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and total and LDL cholesterol levels were found between the two dietary P/S groups after all oil treatment periods. Levels of 18:3(n-3), 20:4(n-6), 20:5(n-3), and 22:6(n-3) in LDL were also different in high vs. low dietary P/S groups for all oil treatments and in the VLDL for the olive oil and fish oil supplementation. This study indicates that low intake of purified fish oil induces changes in plasma triacylglycerol, 20:5(n-3) levels in VLDL, LDL, and HDL, and 22:6(n-3) levels in LDL and HDL that are apparent after 3 mo and which might influence atherogenicity of lipoprotein particles in normal free-living individuals.

KEY WORDS: • dietary fatty acids • plasma lipoprotein • phospholipid • cholesterol • humans

¹ Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Dairy Bureau of Canada.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 27 November 1995. Revision accepted 22 May 1996.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. D. Poppitt, C. A. Howe, F. E. Lithander, K. M. Silvers, R.-B. Lin, J. Croft, Y. Ratnasabapathy, R. A. Gibson, and C. S. Anderson Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Stroke, November 1, 2009; 40(11): 3485 - 3492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Wang, J. Lu, M. R. Ruth, S. D. Goruk, M. J. Reaney, D. R. Glimm, D. F. Vine, C. J. Field, and S. D. Proctor Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid Dietary Supplementation Induces Hypolipidemic Effects in JCR:LA-cp Rats J. Nutr., November 1, 2008; 138(11): 2117 - 2122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Barcelo-Coblijn, E. J Murphy, R. Othman, M. H Moghadasian, T. Kashour, and J. K Friel Flaxseed oil and fish-oil capsule consumption alters human red blood cell n-3 fatty acid composition: a multiple-dosing trial comparing 2 sources of n-3 fatty acid Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2008; 88(3): 801 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. J. LaBrune, C. D. Reinhardt, M. E. Dikeman, and J. S. Drouillard Effects of grain processing and dietary lipid source on performance, carcass characteristics, plasma fatty acids, and sensory properties of steaks from finishing cattle J Anim Sci, January 1, 2008; 86(1): 167 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. R. Harper, M. J. Edwards, A. P. DeFilipis, and T. A. Jacobson Flaxseed Oil Increases the Plasma Concentrations of Cardioprotective (n-3) Fatty Acids in Humans J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 83 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]