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Rates of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue of Pigs Adapt to Lactational State and Dietary Energy Restriction^1,2,3,

Department of Animal Sciences and Graduate Nutrition Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6320

To define better the role of metabolism in adipose tissue during gestation and lactation, adaptations to gestation, lactation and to decreased energy intakes were determined using pigs as a model. The effects of energy restriction and the interactions of restriction during both periods were tested by feeding one of two rations during gestation to provide either 19.3 or 25.1 MJ of metabolizable energy per day (ME/d) and adequate amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Pigs from each gestation treatment then consumed 27.7, 48.6, or 69.0 MJ of ME/d during lactation. Body weight and subcutaneous fat thickness were lower in the energy-restricted groups. Litter growth was slower only in the group receiving the lowest energy in gestation and lactation. During gestation, fatty acid synthesis, as measured in in vitro tissue incubations, was lower in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs consuming 19.3 compared with 25.1 MJ of ME/d. In pigs fed the highest energy, rates of lipogenesis and esterification were faster after parturition. Feeding 48.6 or 27.7 MJ of ME/d reduced lipogenesis during lactation by 75 and 90% and rates of esterification by 35 and 60%, respectively, compared with controls fed 69.0 MJ of ME/d. Rates of lipid synthesis at d 7 of lactation were higher than at d 23. Lipolysis was twofold higher due to energy restriction. Lactation alone did not alter lipolysis compared with during gestation. The first-committed step of glucose conversion to fatty acids was decreased in a manner sensitive to energy restriction. Recycling of fatty acids was maintained at a significant rate regardless of energy intake. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of pigs during lactation is regulated in a manner similar to that observed in humans.

KEY WORDS: • lactation • adipose • lipogenesis • lipolysis • pigs

¹ Paper Number 8107. College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Project Number 0663. Supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RD24529) and from the National Pork Producers Council (9663).

² Presented in part at Annual EXPBIO Meetings, New Orleans, LA, 1993, as abstract [Parmley, K. P. & McNamara, J. H. (1993) Metabolic adaptations in adipose tissue of swine as a model of lactation biology. FASEB J. 7: A63 (abs.)].

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ Current address: Agway Agricultural and Related Services, PO Box 4746, Syracuse, NY 13221.

⁵ Current address: Department of Morphology & Physiology, UNESP College of Veterinary Medicine, Jaboticabal, Sau Paulo, Brazil, 14870.

⁶ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 8 June 1995. Revision accepted 20 February 1996.

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