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Dietary Fish Oil Enhances Insulin Sensitivity in Miniature Pigs¹

Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada

The effects of dietary fish oil, MaxEPA, and corn oil on insulin sensitivity were examined in male miniature pigs. The pigs (20–35 kg) received 750 g of nonpurified diet per day (160 g/kg protein, 50 g/kg fat) with the addition of either 30 g corn oil or 30 g MaxEPA, resulting in 90 g total fat per kg diet for 4–5 wk. The MaxEPA diet provided 12.6 g (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids per kg diet (6.7 g eicosapentaenoic acid, 4.8 g docosahexaenoic acid), 4.7 g (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and 147 mg cholesterol. The corn oil diet provided 22.7 g (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids per kg diet and no (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids; cholesterol was added to equal the amount in the MaxEPA. After overnight withdrawal of food, intravenous glucose tolerance tests were conducted in conscious pigs by using previously placed jugular vein catheters. Plasma glucose responses and the areas under the plasma glucose curves were similar in seven MaxEPA- and five corn oil-fed pigs. However, the incremental areas under the insulin curves were significantly lower for the pigs fed MaxEPA. Thus values for insulin sensitivity (S₁), determined with Bergman's minimal model, were significantly higher for MaxEPA than for corn oil-fed pigs, whereas the rate of glucose disappearance (K_G), did not differ between the two groups. Therefore, substitution of (n-3) for (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in dietary lipids is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity in male pigs.

KEY WORDS: • miniature pigs • fish oil • (n-3) fatty acids • insulin sensitivity

¹ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

² To whom reprint requests should be addressed at Department of Medicine, University Hospital, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, CANADA N6A 5A5.

Manuscript received 28 August 1995. Revision accepted 15 February 1996.

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