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Oat, Wheat or Corn Cereal Ingestion before Exercise Alters Metabolism in Humans^1,2,3,

Gregory L. Paul^*,4, Joan T. Rokusek^*, Gregory L. Dykstra, Richard A. Boileau^*,, and Donald K. Layman^*

^* Division of Nutritional Sciences Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

This study was designed to determine metabolic and physical performance responses to ingestion of pre-exercise meals with different macronutrient and fiber profiles. Twelve physically active subjects (6 males and 6 females) were used to investigate the metabolic and physical performance consequences of consuming pre-exercise meals consisting of oat, corn, or wheat cereals. A fasting trial served as the control, and all subjects received each treatment in a Latin-square design. Blood samples were drawn before and 85 min after meal ingestion, during 90 min of cycling exercise (60% _O2peak), after a 6.4 km performance ride, and during 60 min of recovery. Expired air samples were collected to determine nutrient utilization. Resting carbohydrate oxidation rates and plasma insulin concentrations after oat ingestion were less than after wheat, and corn and wheat ingestion, respectively (P < 0.05). During exercise, the change in plasma glucose from pre-exercise was greater after consuming wheat and corn compared with oat (P < 0.05), and it was inversely related to pre-exercise plasma insulin concentration (r = -0.55, P = 0.0001). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were inversely related to plasma lactate concentrations (r = -0.58, P = 0.0001). Free fatty acid concentrations and fat oxidation were greater in fasting trials than all others, but performance ride times did not differ among treatments. Plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations resembled their respective meal profiles throughout exercise, the performance ride, and recovery. These results indicate that pre-exercise meal composition can influence glucose homeostasis during early exercise and plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations over a substantial range of metabolic demands.

KEY WORDS: • humans • pre-exercise feeding • performance • metabolism • amino acids

¹ Presented in abstract form at American Dietetic Association, October 1993, Anaheim, CA [Paul, G. L., Layman, D. K., Boileau, R. A., Rokusek, J. T. & Dykstra, G. L. (1993) The effect of cereal ingestion on metabolism during exercise and recovery. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 93: A30 (abs.)].

² Financial support provided by a grant from The Quaker Oats Company, Barrington, IL 61820.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 24 August 1995. Revision accepted 9 January 1996.

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