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Aspects of Cardiomyopathy Are Exacerbated by Elevated Dietary Fat in Copper-Restricted Rats^1,2,3,

Department of Human Nutrition and Food Management, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 ^* Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Human and Consumer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979

The objective of this study was to determine if a high fat diet having a 2:1 saturated:polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio exacerbates signs of copper deficiency. Male weanling Long-Evans rats were randomly placed into one of the following treatment groups: adequate copper low fat, adequate copper high fat, deficient copper low fat or deficient copper high fat. The levels of fat used were 31 or 12% of daily energy, and copper concentrations were 94.5 µmol/kg and <15.8 µmol/kg in the copper-adequate and copper-deficient diets, respectively. Cardiac hypertrophy as well as lower liver copper levels and superoxide dismutase activity were observed in both groups of copper-deficient rats. Irrespective of copper level, consumption of the high fat diet resulted in thickening of the interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall. Electrocardiograms revealed that the copper-deficient high fat diet led to a significantly smaller QT interval compared with all other groups. Significantly greater S-wave voltage due to copper deficiency was observed. Significantly lower heart cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity was found in the copper-deficient groups with the copper-deficient high fat group showing the lowest activity. Western blots of the cardiac non-myofibrillar fraction demonstrated lower amounts of CCO nuclear encoded peptides in the copper-deficient groups, with the least amount seen in the copper-deficient high fat treatment. These data suggest that a high level of dietary fat exacerbates some of the signs of copper deficiency.

KEY WORDS: • rats • copper deficiency • fat • cardiomyopathy

¹ Presented in part at Experimental Biology 95 April 9–13, 1995 Atlanta, GA. [Jalili, T., Medeiros, D. M. & Wildman, R. (1995) Cardiomyopathic indices of copper are exacerbated by high dietary saturated fat. FASEB J. 9:A724 (abs.)].

² Supported in part by the Graduate Student Alumni Research Award Program of The Ohio State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA NRI-9301054.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 5 May 1995. Revision accepted 14 December 1995.