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High Carbohydrate Diet and Starvation Regulate Lipogenic mRNA in Rats in a Tissue-Specific Manner^1,2,3,

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017

We have previously shown that the effects of a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet and 24-h starvation on fatty acid synthesis in rats are tissue specific. In the present study we examined the tissue-specific pretranslational effects of high carbohydrate feeding, starvation and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet after starvation on the lipogenic pathway by measuring the levels of mRNA encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) using Northern analysis. Additionally, we measured mRNA S14, a sequence tightly associated with lipogenesis. In rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, hepatic levels of the three mRNA were 3–5 fold higher than in controls. The level of S14 mRNA was doubled in epididymal fat, but other effects of this diet in adipose tissues were not significant. Expression in kidney, heart, lung and brain was not altered. Starvation significantly reduced the level of these mRNA in all tissues examined except brain. In liver, refeeding the high carbohydrate diet induced the expression of ACC, FAS and S14 mRNA 20–30 fold compared with the values found in 48-h starved animals. Hyperinduction of ACC and FAS, but not S14 mRNA expression was also observed in adipose tissues. The tissue-specific nature of these effects is consistent with previous measurements of fatty acid synthesis and confirm that this regulation occurs at the pretranslational level.

KEY WORDS: • acetyl-CoA carboxylase • fatty acid synthase • S14 • rats • gene expression

¹ Presented in part at Experimental Biology 94, April 1994, Anaheim, CA [Kim, T.-S. & Freake, H. C. (1994) Tissue specific regulation of lipogenic enzyme mRNAs in the rat by fasting and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet. FASEB. J. 8: A701 (abs.)].

² Supported by a National Institutes of Health R29 award (DK41705) to HCF.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ Current address: Institute of Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

⁵ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 14 July 1995. Revision accepted 16 November 1995.

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