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(n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate the Expression of Functionally Associated Molecules on Human Monocytes in Vitro^1,2,3,

Department of Nutrition, Diet and Health ^* Department of Food Biophysics, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom

Diets rich in (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with suppression of the immune system, but the mechanisms are unclear. Specific immune responses are initiated by antigen-presenting cells. This study examines the in vitro effect of the (n-3) PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the expression of cell surface molecules required for normal antigen-presenting cell function on human blood monocytes. Monocytes were incubated with or without EPA or DHA for 48 h at 37°C. Following incubation, expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ) and adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leucocyte function associated antigen-1] was quantified by flow cytometry. In the presence of EPA alone there was a significantly lower median intensity of expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 relative to incubations without EPA. In contrast, significantly greater median intensities of expression of HLA-DR and -DP were observed following incubation with DHA. In parallel experiments, where monocytes were simultaneously activated by the addition of interferon-gamma to the cultures, median expression intensities of HLA-DR, -DP and ICAM-1 were significantly lower in the presence of either EPA or DHA compared with incubations without the (n-3) PUFA. These findings support previous animal studies that suggest that (n-3) PUFA can influence immune reactivity by modulating antigen-presenting cell function.

KEY WORDS: • (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids • major histocompatibility complex class II • monocytes • humans • adhesion molecules

¹ Presented in part at the Nutrition Society Meeting, June 22–24, 1994, Cork, Ireland [Hughes, D. A., Pinder, A. C. & Southon, S. (1994) Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and adhesion molecules on human monocytes in vitro. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 53: 153A (abs.)].

² Supported by the Office of Science and Technology via the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 23 March 1995. Revision accepted 8 November 1995.

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