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Dietary Carbohydrate Type and Fat Amount Alter VLDL and LDL Metabolism in Guinea Pigs^1,2,

Department of Nutritional Sciences and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

The effects of low/high fat diets and simple/complex carbohydrate intake on specific aspects of plasma VLDL and LDL metabolism were evaluated. Guinea pigs were fed for 4 wk two different fat/carbohydrate concentrations: 2.5/58 (g/100 g) or 25/29 (g/100 g) with either sucrose or cornstarch as the sole carbohydrate source. Intake of high fat diets resulted in higher plasma cholesterol (P < 0.001), whereas sucrose intake resulted in higher plasma triacyglycerol (TAG) concentrations (P < 0.03). Intake of starch increased apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion rates (P < 0.001), and nascent VLDL were smaller and contained less TAG/apo B than particles from the sucrose-fed group (P < 0.01). Guinea pigs fed the starch diets had higher plasma VLDL apo B flux and faster VLDL apo B clearance than those fed sucrose diets (P < 0.01). In addition, more rapid VLDL removal from plasma in guinea pigs fed complex carbohydrate/high fat diets was associated with less conversion of VLDL to LDL and lower plasma cholesterol concentrations compared with the high fat/sucrose group (P < 0.01). Low fat compared with high fat intake resulted in 60% more rapid plasma LDL apo B fractional catabolic rates (FCR). The LDL apo B fractional catabolic rate of all dietary groups was inversely correlated with plasma cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.83, P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that in guinea pigs, low fat diets decrease plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations by increasing LDL turnover rates, and complex carbohydrates reduce plasma TAG by affecting the composition of nascent VLDL particles and by increasing VLDL apo B catabolism.

KEY WORDS: • dietary fat amount • carbohydrate type • apolipoprotein B • VLDL secretion • guinea pigs

¹ Supported by a grant-in-aid by the American Heart Association, Arizona Affiliate and by the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence and reprints requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 9 November 1995. Revision accepted 5 July 1996.