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Selenoprotein P Concentration in Plasma is an Index of Selenium Status in Selenium-Deficient and Selenium-Supplemented Chinese Subjects^1,2,3,

Kristina E. Hill^4,, Yiming Xia, Björn Åkesson^5,, Martha E. Boeglin^* and Raymond F. Burk^*

^* Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100050, China

Selenoprotein P, a selenium-rich plasma protein, is an index of selenium status in rats. Antibodies against human selenoprotein P were raised to study the protein and to develop a radioimmunoassay for it. A single collection of plasma from a healthy person in the United States contained 1.84 µmol selenium/L and was defined as containing 1 Unit (U) selenoprotein P/L. Removal of selenoprotein P from the reference plasma by an antibody column indicated that 0.81 µmol selenium/L, or 44% of the plasma selenium, was present as selenoprotein P. Work by others had determined that glutathione peroxidase accounted for 12% of plasma selenium. Stored plasma samples from selenium-deficient (Dechang County) and selenium-supplemented (Mianning County) populations in China were assayed for selenoprotein P. Boys aged 8–12 y had selenoprotein P concentrations of 0.10 ± 0.04 U/L (n = 22) in Dechang and 0.39 ± 0.17 U/L (n = 17) in Mianning. Supplementation with 100 µg selenium as selenate per day for 14 d raised those levels to 0.51 ± 0.13 U/L in Dechang and to 0.76 ± 0.27 U/L in Mianning. Similar results were obtained in men, and plasma selenium concentrations correlated with selenoprotein P concentrations. A study comparing indices of selenium status was conducted in the two counties. Selenoprotein P concentration in Dechang subjects (n = 79) was 36% of that in Mianning subjects (n = 117). For plasma glutathione peroxidase activity the value was 54%; for plasma selenium, 47%; and for whole blood selenium, 64%. We conclude that selenoprotein P is the major selenoprotein in human plasma and that its concentration is an index of selenium nutritional status that appears to be as sensitive as other indices in common use.

KEY WORDS: • blood selenium • selenoprotein P • glutathione peroxidase • selenium nutritional status • humans

¹ Presented at Experimental Biology 94 held in Anaheim, CA, on April 26, 1994 and published in abstract form: Hill, K. E., Xia, Y., Boeglin, M. E., Lyons, P. R., Åkesson, B. & Burk, R. F. (1994) Selenoprotein P as an indicator of selenium status in Chinese populations. FASEB J. 8: A436.

² Supported by NIH grants ES 06093, HL 36371, DK 26657 and ES 00267.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

⁵ Present address: Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.

Manuscript received 21 April 1995. Revision accepted 26 September 1995.

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