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1-Hydroxylated Cholecalciferol Compounds Act Additively with Microbial Phytase to Improve Phosphorus, Zinc and Manganese Utilization in Chicks Fed Soy-Based Diets^1,2,3,

Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 ^* Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1569

Seven experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)₂D₃] and microbial phytase in improving P, Zn and Mn utilization of chicks fed P, Zn- and Mn- deficient soy protein diets containing surfeit levels of cholecalciferol. Efficacy of 1-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-OH D₃) was also studied. A dose titration study indicated that supplemental phytase at 1200 units/kg diet would increase bone ash by at least 65% when added to a corn-soybean meal diet containing 0.43 g P/100 g (0.1 g nonphytate P/100 g). These responses were similar to those obtained from supplemental P (0.1 g/100 g) as KH₂PO₄ or from added 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ (10 µg/kg). Dietary addition of both 1200 units phytase and 10 µg/kg 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ elicited bone ash responses that were near 100%. When chicks were fed a Zn-deficient soy-concentrate diet (13 mg Zn/kg), diet supplementation with 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ or phytase increased growth rate by 40% and tibia Zn content by > 100%; adding 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ together with phytase increased tibia Zn content by 160%. Utilization of both Zn and Mn contained in the corn-soybean meal diet also was markedly enhanced by supplemental phytase, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃, or the combination. The cholecalciferol analog 1-OH D₃ was found to improve dietary P utilization maximally (70% bone ash response) at a dose of 20 µg/kg diet, and effects were additive when 1-OH D₃ was fed in the presence of phytase. We hypothesize that 1-OH D₃ is absorbed and transported to the liver where it is converted to 1,25-(OH)₂D₃, after which a portion is transported back to the gut where it stimulates intestinal phytase and activates intestinal P absorption. Use of 1-OH D₃ as a feed additive for animals, with or without phytase supplementation, has great potential to materially lower necessary levels of P (also Zn and Mn) supplementation and, in so doing, to reduce P pollution caused by excessive levels of P in animal waste products.

KEY WORDS: • chicks • 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol • 1--hydroxycholecalciferol • phytase • P, Zn and Mn utilization

¹ Presented in part at Experimental Biology 95, April 1995, Atlanta, GA [Biehl, R. R., Emmert, J. L. & Baker, D. H. (1995) 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol acts additively with microbial phytase to release phosphorus and zinc from phytate present in soy-based diets. FASEB J. 9: A450 (abs.)].

² Supported in part by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Appreciation is expressed to BASF Corporation (Parsippany, NJ) for material and funding for the phytase portion of this work and to Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc. (Nutley, NJ) for providing 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed, at 290 ASL, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.

Manuscript received 20 March 1995. Revision accepted 9 June 1995.

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