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All-trans ß-Carotene Preferentially Accumulates in Human Chylomicrons and Very Low Density Lipoproteins Compared with the 9-cis Geometrical Isomer^1,2,

Institut für Physiologische Chemie I and Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, P.O. Box 101007, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany

Following ingestion of a ß-carotene isomer mixture (Betatene) containing nearly equal amounts of all-trans and 9-cis ß-carotene (all-trans/9-cis ß-carotene ratio 1.5), concentrations of all-trans ß-carotene increased for 6 or 8 h in the chylomicron fraction of plasma from four of seven human subjects. A substantially lower increase in the 9-cis ß-carotene concentration was observed, with the accumulation of the all-trans isomer being 10- to 50-fold higher than that of the 9-cis isomer, calculated on the basis of the ß-carotene isomer pattern in the ingested mixture. A similar effect was observed in the VLDL fraction. Three of the seven subjects did not respond to ß-carotene ingestion. In the subjects that did respond, the all-trans/9-cis ß-carotene ratios in chylomicrons and VLDL suggest an efficient isomer-selective mechanism for intestinal uptake across the mucosa or very rapid elimination into tissues.

KEY WORDS: • very low density lipoproteins • humans • lipoproteins • chylomicrons • ß-carotene

¹ Supported by the National Foundation for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, and the Institut Danone für Ernährung, Rosenheim, Germany.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 6 September 1994. Revision accepted 6 February 1995.