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Petroselinic Acid from Dietary Triacylglycerols Reduces the Concentration of Arachidonic Acid in Tissue Lipids of Rats^1,2,

Nikolaus Weber, Klaus-Dieter Richter^*, Erhard Schulte and Kumar D. Mukherjee³

Institut für Biochemie und Technologie der Fette, H. P. Kaufmann-Institut, BAGKF, D-48147 Münster ^* Zentrale Tierexperimentelle Einrichtung der Medizinischen Fakultät, Universität Münster, D-48142 Münster Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Münster, D-48147 Münster, Germany

Studies in vitro have revealed that triacylglycerols containing petroselinoyl [18:1(n-12)] moieties are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase at much lower rates than other triacylglycerols. To assess the lipolysis and absorption in vivo of such unusual triacylglycerols, diets containing 120 g seed oil triacylglycerols of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) per kg diet at a level of 72 g 18:1(n-12) moieties/100 g oil were fed to a group of weaned male Wistar rats without restriction for a period of 10 wk. For comparison, groups of rats were fed similar isocaloric diets containing plant oil triacylglycerols with various levels of oleoyl [18:1(n-9)] moieties, e.g., high oleic sunflower seed oil [75 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil], olive oil [(66 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil], medium oleic rapeseed oil [54 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil] and conventional high linoleic sunflower seed oil [25 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil]. All diets were supplemented with 20 g corn oil/kg diet. Consumption of coriander oil, compared with the other oils, led to significantly greater liver weights. No significant differences were observed among the groups fed various levels of oleic acid in body weight, the weights of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen or testes, lipid content of heart, or total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations of blood plasma. Ingestion of coriander oil led to incorporation of 18:1(n-12) into heart, liver and blood lipids and to a significant reduction in the concentration of arachidonic acid in the lipids of heart, liver and blood with a concomitant increase in the concentration of linoleic acid compared with results for the other groups. Our data show that petroselinic acid from dietary triacylglycerols is absorbed by rats as readily as oleic acid, but the former reduces the concentration of arachidonic acid in tissue lipids.

KEY WORDS: • monounsaturated fatty acids • petroselinic acid • arachidonic acid • rats • oleic acid

¹ Dedicated to Professor Arthur Seher, former Director of the Federal Center for Lipid Research, Münster, Germany, on the occasion of his 75th birthday, February 11, 1995.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 28 July 1994. Revision accepted 10 January 1995.