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A Brief, Telephone-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire Can Be Useful for Surveillance of Dietary Fat Intakes¹

Ralph J. Coates^*,,2, Mary K. Serdula, Tim Byers, Ali Mokdad^*;,, Sandy Jewell, Sandra B. Leonard^**, Cheryl Ritenbaugh, Polly Newcomb, Julie Mares-Perlman, Noel Chavez^# and Gladys Block

^* Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Division of Nutrition, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA 30333 ^** Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 Arizona Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724 University of Wisconsin, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706 Clinical Science Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 ^# University of Illinois at Chicago, Community Health Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612 School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720

A 13-item questionnaire designed for quick telephone administration was evaluated for use in surveillance of fat intake in the United States. Study populations included 560 middle-aged and older adults from Beaver Dam, WI, 252 middle-aged and older women from Wisconsin, 73 young, low income Hispanic women from Chicago, IL, 52 older adults from Arizona and 135 younger adults from Augusta, GA. Correlations between fat scores and fat intakes measured by multiple food records or recalls or by more extensive food frequency questionnaires ranged from 0.33 to 0.60, similar to results from other published questionnaire validation studies. Correlations with percentage of energy from fat were lower (0.26 to 0.42), except for the Chicago population, for which there was no correlation (-0.02). There was no systematic variation in correlations among other subgroups defined by demographic and health-related characteristics, including race (black vs. white). Most, but not all, of the substantial differences in fat intakes among subgroups were identified by the questionnaire. The questionnaire will not capture small differences in intakes among groups and is inappropriate when the sample size is limited or for populations with diets substantially different from the typical U.S. diets, such as the Chicago population. However, with attention to its limitations, the questionnaire is useful for surveillance.

KEY WORDS: • humans • surveillance • diet • epidemiologic methods • fats

¹ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

² To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 11 April 1994. Revision accepted 14 November 1994.

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