QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Houtkooper, L. B. Articles by Hall, M. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Houtkooper, L. B. Articles by Hall, M. C.

Nutrients, Body Composition and Exercise Are Related to Change in Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women^1,2,

Linda B. Houtkooper³, Cheryl Ritenbaugh^*, Mikel Aickin^*, Timothy G. Lohman, Scott B. Going, Judith L. Weber, Kathryn A. Greaves, Thomas W. Boyden^**, Richard W. Pamenter^** and Matt C. Hall

Departments of Nutritional Sciences ^* Family and Community Medicine Exercise and Sport Sciences ^** Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 ^** Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, AZ 85723

This study determined relationships among total energy intake, nutrient intake, body composition, exercise group status, and annual rates of change (slopes) in bone mineral density in 66 Caucasian premenopausal women (mean age, 34.4 ± 2.7) taking calcium supplements. Body composition components measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry included fat mass, soft tissue lean mass, and bone mineral density (g/cm²) of total body, spine (lumbar vertebrae 2–4), and three femur sites measured at baseline, 5, 12, and 18 mo. Nutrients were not significant variables in regression models predicting bone mineral density slopes (rates of change) at any femur site. The only significant variable in models predicting Ward's triangle bone mineral density slope was the initial fat mass and, for trochanter, exercise. Significant variables (P < 0.05) in models predicting total body bone mineral density slope included the initial fat mass and fat mass slope plus either vitamin A, carotene, fiber, magnesium, or phosphorus (R² from 0.31 to 0.25) and fat mass slope plus sodium (R² = 0.24). The significant variable in the model predicting L_2–4 slope was energy intake (R² = 0.17, P < 0.05). We conclude that nutrient intake, exercise, and body composition are related to bone mineral density rate of change and that relations among these variables vary by bone site.

KEY WORDS: • nutrients • bone • humans • body composition

¹ Supported by National Institutes of Health, grant no. 39559 and Marion Laboratories.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 23 June 1994. Revision accepted 18 November 1994.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. A Mulholland and D. J Benford What is known about the safety of multivitamin-multimineral supplements for the generally healthy population? Theoretical basis for harm Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 318S - 322S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L Penniston, N. Weng, N. Binkley, and S. A Tanumihardjo Serum retinyl esters are not elevated in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis whose preformed vitamin A intakes are high Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2006; 84(6): 1350 - 1356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Renwick Toxicology of Micronutrients: Adverse Effects and Uncertainty J. Nutr., February 1, 2006; 136(2): 493S - 501S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]