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Nutritional Supplementation during Early Childhood and Bone Mineralization during Adolescence^1,2,

Laura E. Caulfield^*,3, John H. Himes and Juan A. Rivera

^* Division of Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454 Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

To assess the long-term impact of nutritional supplementation on bone mineralization during adolescence, we studied 356 Guatemalan adolescents who participated from birth to 7 y of age in a controlled supplementation trial. Bone mineralization of the distal radius was assessed using single photon absorptiometry. Children who consumed more cumulative energy from the supplement during childhood had greater bone mineral content, bone width and bone mineral density during adolescence than those who consumed less energy. The associations remained after controlling for each subject's age and gender, and for the type of supplement consumed, but became statistically nonsignificant after adjusting for weight and stature. Because intake of supplement also was associated positively with weight and stature during adolescence, it is concluded that supplementing malnourished children can have a demonstrable long-term impact on bone mineralization, but that the effects are probably not beyond those due to improvements in overall somatic growth associated with supplementation.

KEY WORDS: • bone mineralization • nutritional supplementation • adolescence • malnutrition

¹ Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, October 1990, New York, NY. Caulfield, L. E. & Himes, J. H. (1990) Nutritional supplementation during early childhood and bone mineralization during adolescence. Published as a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Guest editors for this supplemental publication were Reynaldo Martorell, The Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, and Nevin Scrimshaw, The United Nations University, Boston, MA.

² Supported partially by grants HD-24684 and HD-22440 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Division of Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2179.