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The Differences in Intestinal Viscosity Produced by Barley and ß-Glucanase Alter Digesta Enzyme Activities and Ileal Nutrient Digestibilities More in Broiler Chicks than in Cocks^1,2,3,

Department of Animal Nutrition, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre Mas Bové, 43280 Reus, Spain

The objectives of this study were to determine whether intestinal viscosity caused by mixed linked barley ß-glucan depresses ileal nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities and to determine the interaction of intestinal viscosity, digestive enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibility in different ages of poultry. In Experiments 1 and 2, 1-d-old broiler chicks and 1-y-old cocks, respectively, were fed diets with 60% corn, low and high viscosity barley with or without ß-glucanase, for 3 wk. A 3 x 2 factorial design was used. Comparisons were made only within the same age group. In Experiment 3, 1-d-old broiler chicks were fed high viscosity barley with and without ß-glucanase to measure fecal nutrient and ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility. Broiler chicks fed barley ate less and gained less weight than those fed corn; added ß-glucanase resulted in increases in both food consumption and weight gain for the barley-fed chicks (P < 0.05). Relative pancreas weight was higher (P < 0.05) in chicks fed barley than in those fed corn, and lower with ß-glucanase (P < 0.05). Digesta from barley-fed birds had the highest viscosities, which were decreased (P < 0.05) by ß-glucanase. Amylase and lipase were lower in broiler chicks fed high viscosity barley compared with corn (P < 0.05), and ß-glucanase increased both activities and that of trypsin as well (P < 0.05). In barley-fed broiler chicks, ileal starch, protein and fat digestibility, as well as fecal fat, protein and amino acid digestibility were lower (P < 0.05), but increased with ß-glucanase (P < 0.05). Although barley increased intestinal viscosity and ß-glucanase lowered it in poultry of both ages, barley-fed broiler chicks had decreased digestive enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibility that were increased with ß-glucanase, indicating that viscosity is more limiting in broiler chicks than in cocks.

KEY WORDS: • intestinal viscosity • gastrointestinal • barley • chickens • ß-glucanase

¹ Prestented in part at the First Symposium on Enzymes in Animal Nutrition, October 13–16, 1993, Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland [Almirall, M., Brufau, J. & Esteve-Garcia, E. (1993) Effects of intestinal viscosity on digestive enzyme activities of intestinal content and ileal digestibilities of poultry fed barley diets at different ages supplemented with ß-glucanases. In: Enzymes in Animal Nutrition (Wenk, C. & Boessinger, M., eds.), pp. 69–72. Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Zurich, Switzerland].

² Supported in part by Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias (INIA), Proyecto SC-93-134, Spain, and Finnfeeds International, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 3 May 1994. Revision accepted 15 August 1994.