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Ration Size and Protein Intake affect Circulating Growth Hormone Concentration, Hepatic Growth Hormone Binding and Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Immunoreactivity in a Marine Teleost, the Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)^1,2,

Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, CSIC, 12595 Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain ^* Laboratoire de Nutrition des Poissons, INRA, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France

The nutritional regulation of the growth hormone liver axis has been studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In a first study, fingerling fish were fed three experimental diets with varying proportions of protein (34, 45 and 55%). A 60% decrease in plasma growth hormone concentration was observed with the increase of specific growth rates and dietary protein levels. An opposite response was observed in hepatic growth hormone-binding sites and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity that would reflect the insensitivity of liver to growth hormone action during relatively low protein intake. In a second study, fish were fed a commercial diet (55% protein) at different feeding levels (0, 1.2, 2.7 and 5.5 g/(100 g body wt·d). An 84% decrease in plasma growth hormone concentration was observed with the increase of specific growth rates and feeding levels from 0 to 2.7 g/(100 g body wt·d). However, significantly greater growth hormone concentration was found in fish fed 5.5 g/(100 g body wt·d) when compared with fish fed 2.7 g/(100 g body wt·d). Hepatic growth hormone-binding sites and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity increased with the increase of feeding levels from 0 to 2.7 g/(100 g body wt·d), but these values were lower in fish-fed 5.5 g/(100 g body wt·d) than in those fed 2.7 g/(100 g body wt·d). The physiological importance of these results remains to be clarified, though probably it is a part of the mechanism that diminishes feed utilization for growth at high feeding levels. In any case, for fish of the same age, the increase of circulating growth hormone can be used as a reliable marker of impaired growth in marine fish such as gilthead sea bream.

KEY WORDS: • gilthead sea bream • growth hormone • hepatic binding • insulin-like growth factor-I

¹ Supported in part by a research grant of CICYT (MAR91-0429), Spain.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 21 January 1994. Revision accepted 15 August 1994.

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