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Contribution of D-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyrate to the Energy Expenditure of Neonatal Pigs^1,2,3,

Mark A. Tetrick^*, Sean H. Adams, Jack Odle^,, and N. J. Benevenga^*,#,4

^* Department of Nutritional Sciences ^# Department of Meat and Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 Division of Nutritional Sciences Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

In vivo oxidation rate of arterially infused D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) was measured in 1-2-d-old-piglets. Twelve piglets (1.4 kg) were randomly assigned to a 12 h continuous infusion of 3HB at 19.5, 37.8, 55.8 or 74.5 µmol/min along with 31 kBq/h of [3-¹⁴C]3HB. Piglets were housed in respiration chambers allowing collection of total expired CO₂ over 20-min intervals for the 12 h infusion and 6 h washout. Oxidation of 3HB was calculated from the quantity and specific radioactivity of expired CO₂ for 20-min collection periods at 6, 9 and 12 h for each piglet and collectively plotted against plasma 3HB concentration measured in blood drawn during those 20-min periods. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of these data yielded a K_m of 0.62 ± 0.07 mmol/L and V_max of 0.74 ± 0.02 mmol ATP equivalents/(min·kg^0.75) (parameter estimate ± SD), which could account for 32% of the piglet mean total ATP turnover of 2.3 mmol/(min·kg^0.75). These data show that 3HB oxidation is a linear function of plasma concentration in the physiologic range measured in piglets (0.006 mmol/L to 0.1 mmol/L) and within this range would account for 0.3% to 4.5% of piglet energy requirement. Oxidation of 3HB can meet a maximum of 30 to 40% of piglet energy requirement at unphysiologically high 3HB concentrations (> mmol/L).

KEY WORDS: • swine • neonate • ketone bodies • radiotracer • D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate

¹ Presented at Experimental Biology '93, New Orleans, LA [Tetrick, M. A., Adams, S. H., Odle, J. & Benevenga, N. J. (1993) Maximum oxidation of 3-¹⁴C-(D)-(-)-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in 1-2-day-old piglets. FASEB J. 7(3): A380 (abs. 2196)].

² Supported by USDA grants 9137203 and 9202617, University of Wisconsin College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and the University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Piglets were donated by Pig Improvement Company, Spring Green, WI.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 12 April 1994. Revision accepted 1 August 1994.