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Closed-Loop Control of Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Pressure Improves Response of Room Respiration Calorimeters^1,2,

USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030

Large room calorimeters are capable of rapid measurements that are usually made in hoods or small rooms. We evaluated the performance gains of four calorimeters constructed with modern control systems, sample gas preparation and data processing. Calibration of the calorimeters and instruments was performed in place, with traceability to international standards. Performance was evaluated by infusion of N₂-Co₂ gas and 243 24-h studies of individuals. Our subjects included children weighing 20 kg and adults engaged in heavy exercise. Errors for 24-h infusion measurements (n = 23) were -0.34 ± 1.24% for oxygen consumption rate and 0.11 ± 0.98% for carbon dioxide production rate. Calorimeter 90% response times were 2 to 6 min over a range of oxygen consumption rates from 100 to >4000 mL/min. Closed-loop control of supply and exhaust air flows provided consistent 24-h mean CO₂ levels (0.39 ± 0.015%) and pressures (13.2 ± 4.4 Pa). Room calorimeters operated with closed-loop control can be used for accurate measurement of energy expenditure rate dynamics for a wide range of individuals.

KEY WORDS: • indirect calorimeter • oxygen consumption • carbon dioxide production • humans

¹ This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. Funding has been provided from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, NRICGP no. 94-37200-1156 and Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-1-003. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the United States government.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 1 June 1994. Revision accepted 5 August 1994.

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