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Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231 * Biochemistry Division at the Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland AB29SB
This study was conducted to determine whether the markers of bone resorption, pyridinium cross-links of collagen, are sensitive to changes in dietary protein and calcium intake. Fifteen young healthy subjects (7 males and 8 females) participated in three 5-d diet periods. Dietary intake during each dietary period consisted of: 1) low nitrogen and low calcium [0.49 ± 0.11 g protein/ (kg·d), 429 ± 190 mg calcium/d]; 2) low nitrogen and high calcium [0.44 ± 0.08 g protein/ (kg·d), 1643 ± 171 mg calcium/d]; and 3) a high nitrogen and high calcium [2.71 ± 0.75 g protein/(kg·d), 1589 ± 633 mg calcium/d] diet, and this was compared with subjects' baseline dietary intake [0.99 ± 0.51 g protein/(kg·d), 589 ± 152 mg calcium/d]. The order of these diets was randomly assigned. Twenty-four-hour and 3-h urine samples were collected before and during each dietary period and were analyzed for pyridinium cross-links (pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline), nitrogen and creatinine. The rate of pyridinium cross-link excretion did not vary with protein intake but was 
33% lower (P < 0.01) during periods of high compared with low calcium intake. These data indicate that a short-term increase in calcium intake is accompanied by a reduced rate of bone resorption and that this effect is independent of dietary protein intake.
KEY WORDS: • bone • calcium • humans • nitrogen • pyridinium cross-links
1 Supported by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (0153866), Obesity Core Center, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Medical Center, New York, NY, and Rutgers University Research Council Grant (2-02181).
2 The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
3 To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Manuscript received 4 November 1994. Revision accepted 30 June 1995.
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