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Fatty Acid Composition of Salmonid Muscle Changes in Response to a High Oleic Acid Diet^1,2,3,4,

University of Washington, Institute for Food Science and Technology, School of Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98105

Substitution of high oleic acid sunflower oil for herring oil in formulated salmonid diets affected the fatty acid composition of muscle, liver and visceral fat from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Fish were fed diets containing either high oleic acid sunflower oil or herring oil as the supplemental lipid source (12.4 g/100 g diet) for 1–2 mo. Muscle from fish fed the sunflower oil diet had twice the concentration of oleic acid (25 g/100 g lipid) as muscle from fish fed the herring oil diet (12 g/100 g lipid). The maximum concentration of oleic acid in the muscle was obtained after only 2 wk of feeding the sunflower oil diet. Oleic acid concentrations in liver and visceral fat of fish fed the sunflower oil diet were significantly higher than in fish fed the herring oil diet. Rainbow trout fed the sunflower oil diet for 4 wk maintained the higher oleic acid concentrations in muscle and liver when deprived of feed for 2 wk compared with fish fed the herring oil diet. These data indicated that accumulation of oleic acid in coho salmon and rainbow trout muscle was fairly rapidly achieved when a high oleic acid diet was fed. The differences between the fish receiving the two dietary treatments in fatty acid composition and in concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in muscle stored at refrigerated temperatures were consistent with previously reported differences in aroma perceived by a sensory panel.

KEY WORDS: • coho salmon • fatty acid composition • rainbow trout • oleic acid

¹ Presented in part at the Twenty-first Fish Feed and Nutrition Workshop, October 7–9, 1992, Davis, CA [Skonberg, D. I., Rasco, B. A. & Dong, F. M. (1992) Effects of high monounsaturated sunflower oil diets on fatty acid composition of salmonids].

² Supported by grants from SVO Specialty Products (Eastlake, OH) and the University of Washington Graduate School Research Fund (PHS grant no. RR-07096). DIS was a recipient of a Graduate Opportunity Fellowship from the University of Washington.

³ Contribution no. 892, School of Fisheries, WH-10, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

⁴ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁵ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 15 November 1993. Revision accepted 7 March 1994.