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Dietary Fats, Membrane Phospholipids and Obesity^1,2,

Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia ^* Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia

Modifications in dietary fat profile have been shown to affect body weight gain and adiposity. This may occur through changes in the partitioning between oxidation and storage and/or alterations in membrane structure, which may in turn influence metabolic rate. All the dietary fat classes are substrates for the biosynthetic elongase and desaturase enzymes. Obesity is associated with increased 9 desaturase activity, reduced 5 desaturase activity and perhaps reduced 6 desaturase activity. Dietary lipid profile can affect the activity of each of these enzymes. A number of possible mechanisms linking dietary fat subtypes with development of obesity are discussed, including modification of sodium potassium pump activity and alterations in mitochondrial proton leakage.

KEY WORDS: • fatty acids • humans • rats • desaturases • metabolic activity

¹ Supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation, the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the Australian Research Council and the Research and development program established by Beecham (Australia) Pty. Ltd. under the Pharmaceutical Industry Development Program.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

⁴ Current address: Department of Biomedical Science and Biomedical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.

Manuscript received 31 December 1993. Revision accepted 26 May 1994.

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